In consideration of China’s enormous trade volumes since opening up and huge trade surplus especially with the developed countries, it is worried that the environment is sacrificed in the process of trade liberalization in China. Employing the environmental input-output analysis, this paper attempts to investigate whether international trade aggravates the environmental issues. Comparing pollut...

by the explosive growth of b2b e-commerce transactions in international supply chains and the rapid increase of business documents in iran’s cross-border trading, effective management of trade processes over borders is vital in b2b e-commerce systems. structure of the localized model in this paper is based on three major layers of a b2b e-commerce infrastructure, which are messaging layer, busi...

trade relationships built through production chains appear to be lasting due to relation-specific nature of the transactions, compared with the usual transactions of goods sold on the open market. this paper aims to verify such stability of international production networks at the global level, with special emphasis on intra-east asian trade. a series of survival analyses provide an evidence su...