Like mammals, insects need to ingest proteins from foods because they cannot synthesise several amino acids. Amino acids are also essential nutrients for Drosophila melanogaster, especially for female egg production, but how flies detect amino acids and how the feeding response to amino acids is regulated are unknown. In this study, the two-choice preference test, the proboscis extension reflex...

The western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is an important chrysomelid pest of corn (Zea mays) in the US. WCR larvae feed on corn roots, while adult beetles may consume aboveground corn tissues. WCR larvae are nutritionally dependent on corn roots; completion of the univoltine WCR lifecycle relies on the nearby availability of root tissues for the larvae. Close acce...

Feeding habits of yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus was investigated in coastal waters of the Northern Persian Gulf. This investigation was conducted by monthly sampling of thirty fish from September 2011 through August 2012. Fish size ranged from 17.98 ± 2.07 to 32.31 ± 6.52 cm in total length and from 134.01 ± 45.62 to 720.46 ± 292.58 g in weight. The highest value of gastro-somatic ind...

In this paper, we first use a fuzzy preference relation with a membership function representing preference degree forcomparing two interval-valued fuzzy numbers and then utilize a relative preference relation improved from the fuzzypreference relation to rank a set of interval-valued fuzzy numbers. Since the fuzzy preference relation is a total orderingrelation that satisfies reciprocal and tra...

The performance of nitrogen (N) removal was investigated by altering the influent step feeding in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). optimum condition for analyzed using Technique Order Preference Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with entropy weight method, considering C/N ratio range 1.5 4.5. results showed that SBR multi-step-feeding system achieved high rate 92.7% at three-step mode. Nit...

Potential trap crops for the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), were evaluated through a series of ovipositional preference and larval survival experiments in outdoor screenhouses in 2002 and 2003. Hosts examined as trap crops were glossy and waxy collards, Brassica oleracea L. variety acephala; Indian mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern; and yellow rocket, B...