Background One common challenge to social systems is achieving equity in financial contributions and preventing financial loss. Because of the large and unpredictable nature of some costs, achieving this goal in the health system presents important and unique problems. The present study investigated the Household Financial Contributions (HFCs) to the health system.   Methods The study investiga...

Operational risk is now increasingly being considered an important financial risk and has been gaining importance similar to market and credit risk. In particular, in the banking regulation for large financial institutions it is required that operational risk be separately measured. The capital being held to safeguard against such risk is very significant at a large financial institution. As ou...

In three studies, we show that loss aversion is essential to greed, in addition to acquisitive behavior. This drives them towards paying for insurances and warranties to avoid future financial or product loss. Furthermore, when they experience a history of no-losses, it limits their purchase likelihood of insurances.

In the presence of corporate taxes and default costs, mergers can realize purely financial synergies due to reduced risk and the potential for greater leverage, as suggested by Lewellen (1971). But his conclusion that mergers always create positive financial synergies is incorrect: when firms have quite different risks or default costs, the loss from no longer being able to fit different capita...