in one pole of the continuum of language learning, theoreticians and practitioners traditionally consider english as english as a second language or english as a foreign language. however, in the other pole of this continuum where english is thought of as the most effective tool for international communication, it is referred to as a lingua franca. those who favor an approach to english growing...

Identification and evaluation of indigenous genotypes of fruit trees are matter of consideration at the first step of the breeding programs. In order to study genetic diversity and to identify promising genotypes, 14 different genotypes of walnut in Minoodasht region in Golestan province (north of Iran) were evaluated. Traits such as nut shape, kernel color, ease of removal of kernel halves, ke...

abstract this study examines the relationship between reading anxiety and difficulty of texts as well as the relationship between reading anxiety and students perceived difficulty of the texts. since difficulty is a relative concept, i limited its definition by sticking to the readability formula. we also took students perceived difficulty levels into account. therefore, in the present study, ...

Extended Abstract Introduction and Objective: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important crop plant similar to wheat and rice. Barley is a great source of food  for human, and it is also used for feeding livestock. The ultimate goal of barley breeding programs is to increase production efficiency and stability on farmers' farms, which is made possible by replacing more productive cultivars wi...

To obtain high yield and stable genotypes, 18 durum wheat cultivars and promising lines along with two commercial durum (Behrang) and bread wheat (Chamran) as check cultivars, were evaluated in four warm and dry regions in Iran including Darab, Ahvaz, Khoramabad and Dezful during two cropping seasons (2013-2015). The experiments were conducted as a RCBD with three replications. Seed yield and s...

Although self incompatibility in walnut has not been reported, but the dicogamy limits self pollination of walnut cultivars. As the density of female flowers produced by the tree is low, if a high fruit set occurs, yield especially in terminal bearing cultivars will not be high. So breeding of a pollinizer cultivar with proper pollen shading period is highly necessary for increasing fruit produ...