In the field of collective robotics much research has been devoted to the study of coordinated and cooperative behaviours where typically all the robots play the same function. Much less attention has been devoted to the development of groups of robots that play different roles (robot teams), probably because evolutionary collective robotics tend to use groups of homogeneous robots, in which ro...

Recent observations have revealed that early-type galaxies (ETG) in clusters comprise an old galaxy population that is evolving passively. We review some recent observations from the ground and from the HST that show that ETG have undergone a significant amount of luminosity evolution. This evolution is traced by two projections of the fundamental plane (FP): the size-magnitude relation (SMR) a...

We present new results on the Fundamental Plane of galaxies in two rich clusters, Cl1358+62 at z = 0.33 and MS2053–04 at z = 0.58, based on Keck and HST observations. Our new data triple the sample of galaxies with measured Fundamental Plane parameters at intermediate redshift. The early-type galaxies in these clusters define very clear Fundamental Plane relations, confirming an earlier result ...

We present results on the Fundamental Plane of early-type galaxies in the rich cluster CL 0024 + 16 at z=0.391. The internal velocity dispersions of the galaxies have been measured from a 19 hour integration at the MMT. The photometric parameters of the galaxies have been measured from deep HST images. The galaxies satisfy a tight Fundamental Plane relation which is similar to that at low redsh...

The United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and eBusiness (UN/CEFACT) standardizes business documents for electronic data interchange. Their approaches towards UN/EDIFACT and XML have later been followed by a conceptual modeling approach called Core Components (CC). Having used this approach for four years in practice, it became evident that the support for managing business document model...

personal security is a favorable state in which human being is secured that all his freedoms and rights are not violated, which will be increased and extended. since in some of international documents, this right is explicitly mentioned and in iranian constitutional law it is not expressly mentioned, it is necessary to study and analyze theories and examples for achieving the definition, which ...

Students often do not understand the critical role of variation to evolutionary processes. In fact, variation is the only fundamental requirement for evolution to occur. Natural selection is often erroneously perceived to have this role; however, natural selection is a mechanism of evolution (one of several), while variation is a prerequisite for evolution. In other words, there can be evolutio...

We present deep spectroscopy with the Keck telescope of eight galaxies in the luminous X-ray cluster MS 1054−03 at z = 0.83. The data are combined with imaging observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The spectroscopic data are used to measure the internal kinematics of the galaxies, and the HST data to measure their structural parameters. Six galaxies have early-type spectra, and tw...

A novel class of antibiotics based on the antimicrobial properties of immune peptides of multicellular organisms is attracting increasing interest as a major weapon against resistant microbes. It has been claimed that cationic antimicrobial peptides exploit fundamental features of the bacterial cell so that resistance is much less likely to evolve than in the case of conventional antibiotics. P...