Spending for health care rose to $751.8 billion in 1991, an increase of 11.4 percent from the 1990 level. National health expenditures as a share of gross domestic product increased to 13.2 percent, up from 12.2 percent in 1990. The health care sector exhibited strong growth, despite slow growth in the overall economy. This combination resulted in the largest increase in the share of the Nation...

Nigeria has endured two decades of economic stagnation. Despite the country’s rich natural and human resources, its per capita gross domestic product of $860 (in 2004) is one of the lowest in the world.3 In addition, Nigeria has experienced the deterioration of its democratic institutions, long periods of ethnic and civil war, and a series of military coups. In fact, military rule ended only in...

In 1997, a Motorcycle Safety Programme (MSP) was introduced to address the motorcycle-related accident problem. The MSP was specifically targeted at motorcyclists. In addition to the MSP, the recent economic recession has significantly contributed to a reduction of traffic-related incidents. This paper examines the effects of the recent economic crisis and the MSP on motorcycle-related accident...

A pervasive issue in social and environmental research has been how to improve the quality of socioeconomic data in developing countries. Given the shortcomings of standard sources, the present study examines luminosity (measures of nighttime lights visible from space) as a proxy for standard measures of output (gross domestic product). We compare output and luminosity at the country level and ...

The total cost of fire in the United States in 2008, as defined by NFPA, is estimated at $310 B, or roughly 2 % of U.S. gross domestic product. Structure fires and fire protection account for $170 B. To reduce the U.S. fire burden, the Fire Risk Reduction in Buildings program focuses on the development and application of measurement science and standards directly on the two largest components o...

The size of government consumption relative to gross national product (GNP) has grown steadily in Europe and North America over most of the post-World War II period. In real terms, government expenditure in the United States has grown at nearly 4 percent annually over the last four and a half decades. As a percentage of GNP. it rose from approximately 13.7 percent in 1946 to 22.1 percent in 198...

W hen we began to put together this special feature on poverty and sustainability science, we sought significant science-based research and perspectives on poverty worldwide. However, the six articles that have emerged from a lengthy solicitation, preparation, and review process, with one exception, all focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The exception, the absolute poverty measures for the developing...

295 Patient-Assessment-Instruments/Quality Measures/Downloads/NationalImpact AssessmentofQualityMeasuresFINAL.pdf). 2. Martin AB, Lassman D, Washington B, Catlin A. Growth In US health spending remained slow in 2010; health share of gross domestic product was unchanged from 2009. Health Aff (Millwood) 2012;31:208-19. 3. Jha AK, Joynt KE, Orav EJ, Epstein AM. The long-term effect of Premier pay ...

More generally, globalization of trade in goods, services, and assets continues to move forward at an impressive pace, despite some indications of increased resistance to that process and the evident difficulties in completing the Doha Round. The volume of trade relative to world gross domestic product has been rising for decades, largely because of decreasing transportation costs and lowered t...

Fisheries management systems around the world are highly diverse in their design, operation, and effectiveness at meeting objectives. A variety of management institutions, strategies, and tactics are used across disparate regions, fishing fleets, and taxonomic groups. At a global level, it is unclear which particular management attributes have greatest influence on the status of fished populati...