ground water and surface water create a range of problems in lignite mining utilizing surface mining methods. in order to create a safe and economic mining environment, it is essential to carry out mining after dewatering the rock mass surrounding the lignite mines by advance dewatering techniques. this paper briefly describes the ground water regimes including pressure gradients associated wit...

unsustainable harvesting of agricultural water resources in the province of kerman, has caused an annual average of one-meter drop in ground water levels. surface irrigation methods in pistachio trees have low efficiency because of inherent characteristics and its incorrect application, as well as low access to water resource in pistachio regions. therefore under the current critical condition,...

Locations and compositions of submarine ground water discharge (SGD), which constitutes sources to coastal zones of low salinity water, terrestrial contaminants, and solutes with concentrations elevated by diagenetic reactions, may be altered in tropical settings where widespread mangrove forests increase salinity of shallow pore waters through evapotranspiration. The red mangrove (Rhizophora m...

A novel new approach to retrieve cloud microphysical properties from mixed-phase clouds is presented. This algorithm retrieves cloud optical depth, ice fraction, and the effective size of the water and ice particles from ground-based, high-resolution infrared radiance observations. The theoretical basis is that the absorption coefficient of ice is stronger than that of liquid water from 10 μm t...

Large parts of the northern hemisphere are covered by snow and seasonal frost. Climate warming is affecting spatiotemporal variations of snow and frost, hence influencing snowmelt infiltration, aquifer recharge and river runoff patterns. Measurement difficulties have hampered progress in properly assessing how variations in snow and frost impact snowmelt infiltration. This has led to contradict...

Soil moisture is a critical process in the water cycle and its assessment is of paramount importance to forecast changes in the water balance of a region. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technology overcomes the limitations of point data by producing a tridimensional view of subsurface characteristics with a large economy of time, logistic, data processing and analysis. The purpose of this resea...

We present Herschel/HIFI observations of the three ground state transitions of H2O (556, 1669 and 1113 GHz) and H 2 O (547, 1655 and 1101 GHz) – as well as the first few excited transitions of H2O (987, 752 and 1661 GHz) – towards six high-mass star-forming regions, obtained as part of the PRISMAS (PRobing InterStellar Molecules with Absorption line Studies) Guaranteed Time Key Program. Water v...

Large deformations that accompany longwall mining result in complex spatial and temporal distributions of changes in undrained pore ̄uid pressures around the advancing face. These seemingly anomalous changes are recorded in the rapid water level response of undermined and adjacent wells, and may be explained in the short-term as a undrained poroelastic e€ect. A three-dimensional ®nite element mo...