Influenza viruses cause acute respiratory inflammation in humans and symptoms such as high fever, body aches, and fatigue. Usually these symptoms improve after several days; however, the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus [influenza A(H1N1) 2009] is more pathogenic than seasonal influenza viruses and the pathogenicity of highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses is still higher. The 1918 influenza pandemi...

PURPOSE In autumn 2009, the swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus spread throughout South Korea. The aims of this study were to determine the clinical characteristics of children infected by the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus, and to compare the rapid antigen and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of patients ≥18 years of age who presente...

Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (pandemic H1N1) is spreading throughout the planet. It has become the dominant strain in the Southern Hemisphere, where the influenza season has now ended. Here, on the basis of reported case clusters in the United States, we estimated the household secondary attack rate for pandemic H1N1 to be 27.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) from 12.2% to 50.5%]. From a sch...

Influenza infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is believed to play an important role in the recognition of, and response to, influenza virus and other RNA viruses. Our study focuses on the hypothesis that pandemic H1N1/09 influenza virus alters the influenza-induced proinflammatory response and suppresses host antiviral activity. We first...

In 2008, I concluded that the next major pandemic would arrive before 2021. The very year after this forecast saw a minor event-involving H1N1 influenza virus-but 2019 obviously qualifies as global outbreak.

As the pandemic of 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus progressed, more patients required hospitalisation. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics and clinical course of hospitalised patients with 2009 H1N1 virus infection in Chile. This was a prospective, observational study of 100 consecutive hospitalised patients with RT-PCR-confirmed 2009 H1N1 influenza A, admitted to Puerto ...

BACKGROUND The 2009 novel A(H1N1) virus appears to be of swine origin. This strain causing the current outbreaks is a new virus that has not been seen previously either in humans or animals. We have previously reported that viruses causing pandemics or large outbreaks were able to grow at a temperature above the normal physiological range (temperature resistance, non-ts phenotype), were found t...

Rapid detection of influenza A virus and determination of its subtype are important globally for public health surveillance and locally for the selection of antiviral treatment (1). We have used the ProFlu assay to test respiratory samples from children for influenza A virus, influenza B virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the ProFlu ST test to subtype influenza A virus (Gen-Probe ...

OBJECTIVE To report an 11-year-old girl with encephalitis-associated pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION An 11-year-old girl presented with a 6-day history of influenza-like illness followed by an altered mental status for 1 day. She tested positive for pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus by PCR of her nasal swab. Her CSF analysis was co...