This paper will discuss the necessity for standardizing semantics beyond simply standardizing syntactic and structural (XML) vocabularies in the area of Ecommerce. We will present an ontology-based approach to handle semantics, which enables application developers to raise the level of abstraction from errorprone syntactic manipulations to a conceptual level. This approach has been implemented ...

1. Closed ideals. (1.1) Definition. Let 5 be an arbitrary set, and 2 a Boolean ring of subsets of 5. The algebra B(S, 2) consists of all uniform limits of finite linear combinations of characteristic functions of sets in 2. The norm in B(S, 2) is given by the formula ||/|| =SupseS \f(s) | • This definition is slightly more general than that given in [l ] where 2 is required to be a field of set...