Can monkeys learn simple auditory sequences and detect when a new sequence deviates from the stored pattern? Here we tested the predictive-coding hypothesis, which postulates that cortical areas encode internal models of sensory sequences at multiple hierarchical levels, and use these predictive models to detect deviant stimuli. In humans, hierarchical predictive coding has been supported by st...

Similar to phrase-based machine translation, hierarchical systems produce a large proportion of phrases, most of which are supposedly junk and useless for the actual translation. For the hierarchical case, however, the amount of extracted rules is an order of magnitude bigger. In this paper, we investigate several soft constraints in the extraction of hierarchical phrases and whether these help...

This paper investigates the prospects and challenges of hierarchical optical path networks. The merits and issues of introducing higher order optical paths are elucidated. State of the art of the key enabling technologies are demonstrated including hierarchical optical cross-connect switch architectures, hierarchical optical path network design algorithms, a newly developed waveband filter, and...

Automatic signal type identification (ASTI) is an important topic for both the civilian and military domains. Most of the proposed identifiers can only recognize a few types of digital signal and usually need high levels of SNRs. This paper presents a new high efficient technique that includes a variety of digital signal types. In this technique, a combination of higher order moments and hi...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND In order to replicate within their cellular host, many viruses have developed self-assembly strategies for their capsids which are sufficiently robust as to be reconstituted in vitro. Mathematical models for virus self-assembly usually assume that the bonds leading to cluster formation have constant reactivity over the time course of assembly (direct assembly). In some ...

the main purpose of this article is to present a clear picture of social bordering of urban space in mashhad and to identify the socio-spatial hierarchy in this city. 17510 resident householders were selected through stratified sampling and they were interviewed. the hierarchical clustering analysis was used to analyze the data, based on three social basic characteristics including occupational...

In this paper, we propose novel extensions of hierarchical phrase-based systems with a discriminative lexicalized reordering model. We compare different feature sets for the discriminative reordering model and investigate combinations with three types of non-lexicalized reordering rules which are added to the hierarchical grammar in order to allow for more reordering flexibility during decoding...

Word order flexibility in sign languages has led some scholars to conclude that sign languages do not have any hierarchical structure. This paper shows that the word order patterns of Taiwan Sign Language nominals precisely follow Greenberg’s (1963:87) Universal 20. The manifestation of the universal in this sign language indicates that like oral languages, sign languages have hierarchical stru...