We developed a compact vision system for wearable interface applications using a vision chip. The vision chip is capable of real-time vision at higher frame rates than the video frame rate with a single chip. Using this system, vision-based wearable man-machine interfaces, such as a portable eye tracker and a six-degrees-of-freedom input device, can be realized at higher frame rates than ever b...

In this article we present a new isometric input device for multi-fingered grasping in virtual environments. The device was designed to simultaneously assess forces applied by the thumb, index, and middle finger. A mathematical model of grasping, adopted from the analysis of multi-fingered robot hands, was applied to achieve multi-fingered interaction with virtual objects. We used the concept o...

Conventional display in robotic surgery such as flat displays or stereoscopic displays decreases obtainable information around target tissue. For supporting manipulation and performing safe surgery, this paper proposes a haptic navigation method, which enables surgeons to avoid collision with untouchable regions around target tissue by producing force feedback through a master manipulator. This...

in ordet to investigate economic efficiency of five cultural systems in sugar beet crop, including high input, medium input  low input , high  and medium inputs without 3 times irrigation after emergence, an experiment was conducted over  two years  (2002-2003) in agricultural and natural resources research center of khorasan. these systems were analysed by marginal analysis and  linear program...

New algorithms are given to compile external data in string form into data structures for high level datatypes. Let I be a language of external constants formed from atomic constants and from set, multiset, and tuple constructors. We show how to read an input string C, decide whether it belongs to I, convert it to internal form, and build initial data structures storing the internal value of C ...

Delay-locked loop (DLL) and phase-locked loop (PLL) designs based upon self-biased techniques are presented. The DLL and PLL designs achieve process technology independence, fixed damping factor, fixed bandwidth to operating frequency ratio, broad frequency range, input phase offset cancellation, and, most importantly, low input tracking jitter. Both the damping factor and the bandwidth to oper...

A major characteristic of dynamic regions or sets of dynamic regions is that external exports and imports are very significant in comparison with internally generated flows. Yet, it is precisely these flows of external exports and imports that are not evaluated in conventional regional input-output (I-O) analysis. The conventional approach merely determines internal flows of intermediate inputs...

A simple architecture for data input into a molecular quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) circuit from an external CMOS circuit is proposed. A “T”-shaped interconnect, utilizing fixed-polarization cells to provide the desired polarization, is controlled via external electrodes connected to a standard CMOS input driver. The applied input signal is used to gate either the propagation of a fixed p...

Malaysia experienced four major phases of industrialization, with import substitution or export orientation dominating each phases alternatively. Manufacturing sector is important in Malaysia’s industrial development, inducing rapid growth, technology expansion and upgrading labor skill. High growth rates and high technology expansion in these sector resulted in a substantial increase in demand...