Histone deacetylation regulates gene expression during plant stress responses and is therefore an interesting target for epigenetic manipulation of stress sensitivity in plants. Unfortunately, overexpression of the core enzymes (histone deacetylases [HDACs]) has either been ineffective or has caused pleiotropic morphological abnormalities. In yeast and mammals, HDACs operate within multiprotein...

treatment regimen is still an unmet need. This might lead to the fact that few CCA patients are suitable for the surgery as well as the limitation of other therapeutic modalities (Patel, 2006; Sia et al., 2013; Zabron et al., 2013). In addition, the palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been used as adjuvant therapy for this cancer type. Various chemotherapeutic agents e.g. 5-fluorourac...

Topoisomerases and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are considered as important therapeutic targets for a wide range of cancers, due to their association with the initiation, proliferation and survival of cancer cells. Topoisomerases are involved in the cleavage and religation processes of DNA, while HDACs regulate a dynamic epigenetic modification of the lysine amino acid on various proteins. Exte...

HIV infiltrates the brain at early times postinfection and remains latent within astrocytes and macrophages. Because astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain, we evaluated epigenetic regulation of HIV latency in astrocytes. We have shown that class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) and a lysine-specific histone methyltransferase, SU(VAR)3-9, play a significant role in silencing of H...

Posttranslational modifications of histone N-terminal tails impact chromatin structure and gene transcription. While the extent of histone acetylation is determined by both acetyltransferases and deacetylases, it has been unclear whether histone methylation is also regulated by enzymes with opposing activities. Here, we provide evidence that LSD1 (KIAA0601), a nuclear homolog of amine oxidases,...

Epigenetics contains various mechanisms by which cells employ to regulate the transcription of many DNAs. Histone acetylation is an obvious example epigenetic mechanism regulating expression several genes changing chromatin accessibility. deacetylases (HDACs) are a class enzymes that play critical role in regulation deacetylation histone proteins. Inhibitors deacetylase could result hyperacetyl...

Members of the p160 nuclear receptor coactivators interact with liganded nuclear receptors to enhance transcription of target genes. Here we identify a novel family of ankyrin repeats containing cofactors (ANCOs) that interact with the p160 coactivators. ANCO-1 binds to the conserved Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) region of the p160 coactivators. It encodes a large nuclear protein with five ankyrin repeats...

Histone acetylation is important for regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. Three classes of mammalian histone deacetylases have been identified. Among class II, there are five known members, namely HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC6, HDAC7 and HDAC9. Here we describe the identification and characterization of a novel class II member termed HDAC10. It is a 669 residue polypeptide with a bipartite...