Many animals have individual and social mechanisms for combating pathogens. Animals may exhibit short-term physiological tradeoffs between social and individual immunity because the latter is often energetically costly. Genetic tradeoffs between these two traits can also occur if mutations that enhance social immunity diminish individual immunity, or vice versa. Physiological tradeoffs between ...

Abstract This article investigates how the security-humanitarian rationale that underpins migration governmentality has been restructured by and inflected in light of hygienic-sanitary borders which enforce racialised confinement name both migrants' citizens' safety from infection Covid-19. Focusing on politics containment along EUrope's frontiers, examining particular border reinforcements car...

Within the multi-disciplinary CARMA (Campylobacter Risk Management and Assessment) project it was decided to focus on evaluation of interventions in the chicken meat chain. To assess the effect of control measures on the farm we developed a model on Campylobacter transmission in Dutch broilers and broiler flocks, resulting in an estimate of the Campylobacter prevalence in broilers for slaughter...

Existing source-code-generating tools such as Lex and Yacc suffer from practical inconveniences because they use disembodied code to implement actions. To prevent this problem, such tools could generate closed functors that are then instantiated by the programmer with appropriate action code. This results in all code being type checked in its appropriate context, and it assists the type checker...

Division of labor in social insects has made the evolution of collective traits possible that cannot be achieved by individuals alone. Differences in behavioral responses produce variation in engagement in behavioral tasks, which as a consequence, generates a division of labor. We still have little understanding of the genetic components influencing these behaviors, although several candidate g...

Background: Two point four out of 100 people suffer from one or more fractures in the course of average lifetimes. Traditional casts are featured as cumbersome structures that result in high risk of cutaneous complications. Clinical demands for developing a hygienic cast have gotten more and more attention. 3D printing technique is rapidly growing in the fabrication of custom-made rehabilitatio...

BACKGROUND According to WHO hereditary diseases and congenital malformations contribute significantly to the health of population. Thus, the problems of epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of congenital abnormalities are of interest for many researchers [2]. In addition, the dynamic accounting for the incidence of congenital malformations and hereditary diseases allows ...

This paper tried to explore the impact of unhygienic practices on social behavior of the tea garden workers by considering 5 point Likert scale with factor analysis. We collected crosssectional data and information randomly from 355 tea garden workers by following a systematic set of semi-structured interviews questionnaire. Finding reveals that female’s perception level was likely higher than ...