To evaluate the effect of fosfomycin on proinflammatory cytokines, a bolus of 2 ng of bacterial lipopolysaccharide/kg of body weight was injected intravenously into healthy volunteers. After 2 h, subjects received 8 g of fosfomycin or placebo in a randomized crossover study design. The resulting concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6 expressed as p...

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSdIn a randomized crossover study, 10 female patients received RM-131 (100mg s.c.) or placebo and underwent scintigraphic gastric emptying (GE) and colonic filling at 6 h (CF6) of a solid-liquid meal administered 30 min postdosing. Adverse events, plasma glucose, and hormonal levels were assessed. GCSI daily diary (GCSI-DD) was completed during treatments. PK was asses...

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSdTwenty-eight male type 1 diabetic patients (age 36.9 6 9.7 years, BMI 24.9 6 2.7 kg/m, A1C 7.5 6 0.6%) successfully completed a randomized crossover study, consisting of two periods of 12-week treatment with either insulin detemir or NPH insulin, both in combination with prandial insulin aspart. After each treatment period, patients underwent positron emission tomogr...

PK and PDwere assessed after subcutaneous injection of NPH insulin 0.35 units/kg at steady-state by pen either resuspended (R+, tipping of insulin pen 20 times) or nonresuspended (penmaintained in fixed position either horizontally [Rhorizontal] or vertically with tip up [Rup] or tip down [Rdown]). Eleven subjectswith type 1 diabetes (age 31.56 12 years, diabetes duration 17.56 7.7 years, BMI 2...

the purpose of present study was to examine the effects of caffeine and ephedrine supplement and their combination on maximal strength and mucular endurance in male bodybuilders. 12 male bodybuilders (mean age: 24.41±4.42 years, height: 174.83±3.61 cm and weight: 75.67±8.05 kg) were selected voluntarily. the study design was crossover, in which the subjects were placed in 7 different conditions...

This study focuses on the shape optimization of concrete gravity dams considering dam–water–foundation interaction and nonlinear effects subject to earthquake. The concrete gravity dam is considered as a two–dimensional structure involving the geometry and material nonlinearity effects. For the description of the nonlinear behavior of concrete material under earthquake loads, the Drucker–Prager...