We study the effects of particle shape on the absorption and scattering cross sections of randomly oriented particles in the Rayleigh domain, i.e. particles that are very small compared to the wavelength of radiation both inside and outside the particle. In particular, we investigate the validity of the so-called statistical approach. In this approach it is assumed that the scattering and absor...

The ht-index is a recently proposed tool for capturing dynamic views of the evolution process of geographic features, but the htindex is not sensitive to small changes during this process. To address this problem, an improved ht-index, a cumulative rate of growth (CRG) index, was proposed. Compared to the ht-index, the CRG index is more sensitive to changes during the evolution process of geogr...

An improved high resolution object-based building extraction method based on Pixel Rectangle Index is presented in this paper. We use Minimum Span Tree optimal theory to realize object-based high resolution image segmentation. First, we proposed a rotation invariant Pixel Rectangle Index by introducing the principal direction of homogeneous area. Second, we improved the calculation of edge-weig...

let $g$ be an $(n,m)$-graph. we say that $g$ has property $(ast)$if for every pair of its adjacent vertices $x$ and $y$, thereexists a vertex $z$, such that $z$ is not adjacentto either $x$ or $y$. if the graph $g$ has property $(ast)$, thenits complement $overline g$ is connected, has diameter 2, and itswiener index is equal to $binom{n}{2}+m$, i.e., the wiener indexis insensitive of any other...

Inhomogeneous coatings are promising for superior optical properties, e.g. broadband antireflection, in comparison to conventional HL-stack designs. Although a lot of excellent theoretical work on optical behaviour of rugates and gradient index films has been done during the last decades, there is no real breakthrough in industrial fabrication. The realization of such coatings leads to an exten...

Measurements of weak, embedded index structures are important for material characterization of photopolymers, glass and other optical materials as well as for characterization of fabricated structures such as waveguides. We demonstrate an optical diffraction tomography system capable of measuring deeply-buried, weak, fabricated index structures written in a homogeneous volume. High-fidelity cro...

We promote the use of explicit medical knowledge to solve retrieval of information both visual and textual. For text, this knowledge is a set of concepts from a Meta-thesaurus, the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). For images, this knowledge is a set of semantic features that are learned from examples using SVM within a structured learning framework. Image and text index are represented i...

Define the riskiness of a gamble as the reciprocal of the absolute risk aversion (ARA) of an individual with constant ARA who is indifferent between taking and not taking that gamble. We characterize this index by axioms, chief among them a “duality” axiom which, roughly speaking, asserts that less risk-averse individuals accept riskier gambles. The index is homogeneous of degree 1, monotonic w...

Motivated by recent best case analyses for some sorting algorithms and based on the type of complexity we partition the algorithms into two classes: homogeneous and non-homogeneous algorithms.1 Although both classes contain algorithms with worst and best cases, homogeneous algorithms behave uniformly on all instances. This partition clarifies in a completely mathematical way the previously ment...