In this fourth paper of the series, I clarify the somewhat mysterious relation between the large class of orientation orbifolds (with twisted open-string CFT’s at ĉ = 52) and orientifolds (with untwisted open strings at c = 26), both of which have been associated to division by world-sheet orientation-reversing automorphisms. In particular – following a spectral clue in the previous paper – I s...

although ferdawsi ̓s shahname and indian mahabharata at first sight are known as epic poems, unexpectedly are unique full treasures of moral teachings and ouhghts and non-oughts and reflex the realities, circumstances and culture of their times as a light and briliant mirror.their mooted ethical (moral) facts and matters include vast spectrum that not only contain the common and universal morals...

Despite extensive literature on the ethical requirements for children’s involvement in research (see for example, Alderson Morrow, 2011; Mudaly & Goddard, 2009, 2006), we are concerned that there are significant omissions. Presenters at hild abuse conferences are not required to declare the ethical processes they followed in their research. Nor are there equirements for the ethical disseminatio...

OBJECTIVE To explore and characterize the ethical and safety challenges of global health experiences as they affect medical students in order to better prepare trainees to face them. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 Canadian medical trainees who had participated in global health experiences during medical school. Convenience and snowball sampling were utilized. Using ...

In decision-making under uncertainty there are two main questions that need to be evaluated: (i) What are the future consequences and associated uncertainties of an action, and (ii) what is a good (or right) decision or action. Philosophically these issues are categorized as epistemic questions (i.e. questions of knowledge) and ethical questions (i.e. questions of moral and norms). This paper d...

In response to criticism of ethical review of a South African clinical trial, we contrast aspects of the United States Common Rule with South African research ethics requirements. In the USA the Common Rule does not apply to all health research and allows many exemptions from ethics review and waivers of informed consent. At a structural level research ethics review in South Africa is in many c...

Social media (SM) research presents new challenges for research ethics committees (RECs) who must balance familiar ethical principles with new notions of public availability. This article qualitatively examines how U.K. REC members view this balance in terms of risk and consent. While it found significant variance overall, there were discernible experience-based trends. REC members with less ex...

The Alberta Research Ethics Community Consensus Initiative (ARECCI) is a unique Canadian initiative that addresses the ethical oversight of two main categories of health-related investigative projects: research and quality improvement (including quality assurance and program evaluation). ARECCI was formed as a result of discussions arising from health regions, health researchers and the Alberta...

The ethics of medical research have grown as an area of expertise and debate in recent years, with two broad approaches emerging in relation to transnational research: (1) the refinement of guidelines and strengthening of review, processes primarily to protect the right of individual research participants and strengthen interpersonal relations at the micro-level; and (2) considering more centra...

Implementation research (IR) is growing in recognition as an important generator of practical knowledge that can be translated into health policy. With its aim to answer questions about how to improve access to interventions that have been shown to work but have not reached many of the people who could benefit from them, IR involves a range of particular ethical considerations that have not yet...