in occupational and environmental health research, individual, group and community research participants have a unique and vested interest in the research findings. the ethical principles of autonomy, non-maleficence and beneficence are helpful in considering the ethical issues in the disclosure of research findings in occupational and environmental health research. researchers need to include ...

Formal clinical ethics review first developed in the USA and most hospitals there have structures in place. This is often a clinical ethics committee. Developments have been slower in the UK, where there has been uncertainty and variability about the role of clinical ethics committees. Even in the USA, their exact role is uncertain. Although we now have a good idea of the mechanisms for ethical...

Research ethics review is an important process, designed to protect participants in medical research. However, it is increasingly criticised for failing to meet its aims. Here, two researchers reflect on their experiences of applying for ethical approval of observational research in clinical settings. They highlight some problems faced by reviewers and researchers and propose a two-stage ethica...

empowerment employee is one of effective techniques to increase employee's productivity and efficient use of the capacity and capabilities of individual and group them in line with organizational goals. the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of ethical leadership with psychological empowerment with mediating of procedural justice and interactional justice.participants inc...

in the nursing profession, leadership plays a significant role in creating motivation and thus enabling nurses to provide high quality care. ethics is an essential component of leadership qualifications and the ethical leader can help create an ethical atmosphere, offer ethical guidance, and ensure the occupational satisfaction of personnel through prioritizing moralities. however, some issues ...

When several decades ago the IRB system was established trying to balance major moral consideration in research with human subjects, the main impetus were severe cases of unethical behaviour and experiences, often protected by state and institutional administration. The first phase of the IRB aimed at protecting subjects from serious hazards, while in later stages the IRB turned to „lesser risk...

Introduction The Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and of Social Services (SBU) is commissioned to assess ethical aspects in their health technology assessment (HTA) reports, addition effects economic the examined interventions. For this purpose, a framework systematic evaluation healthcare technologies has been developed used at SBU since 2014. With seven years practice, we decid...

Local review of research by ethics committees in the UK has long been held to be an important right of the local research ethics committee and, even with the introduction of the European Clinical Trials Directive, the governance arrangements for research ethics committees continue to allow for local review of multicentre studies. There is no requirement for local review in either the European U...