As farm income from tobacco production has declined in recent years, there has been increasing interest in identifying alternative sources of income for tobacco farmers in the southern United States The recent termination of the tobacco quota program has accelerated the exit of tobacco farmers and has heightened concern regarding the availability of substitutes for tobacco production. In this s...

This article joins the debate over the effect of market-driven economic development on women’s work opportunities and household gender inequalities. It assesses women’s opportunities for off-farm employment, the relative contributions of female off-farm workers to household income, and the distribution of power in families whose male members have left for off-farm jobs, leaving women behind in ...

Background As middle-income countries become more affluent, economically sophisticated and productive, health expenditure patterns are likely to change. Other socio-demographic and political changes that accompany rapid economic growth are also likely to influence health spending and financial protection.   Methods This study investigates the relationship between growth on per-capita healthcare...

busy for most of the twentieth century. Policy after policy has been tried, rejected, then tried again in an attempt to solve the farm income problem. Ever since the New Deal, we have had price supports for many farm products. Since the Kennedy years, we have added direct payments to the relatively low price supports. All the while, supply control has been a part of most farm bills. None of thi...

The issue addressed in this paper is the optimal taxation of incomes earned tn the home economy, and of incomes earned abroad, when people can migrate. As a preliminary, the optimal taxation of home incomes when there is migration and no taxation of foreign incomes, is discussed. Then in a more general setting, we deal with optimal taxation of different kinds of labour when another kind of labo...

This study investigates whether personal taxes are related to asset valuations. The effective tax rate of investment income fluctuated considerably since federal income taxes were introduced. The main result of the paper demonstrates that there is an economically and statistically significant relationship between asset valuations and personal tax rates. Stock valuations tend to be higher when t...

We analyse intertemporal poverty in two important dimensions – income and nutrition – in less developed northwest China during 2000-2004. A generalised recursive selection model is proposed which enables simultaneous estimation of the causes of intertemporal poverty within and between dimensions. Improvement in agricultural production is crucial for reducing both dimensions of intertemporal pov...

This study determines the nature of village economics in the town of Biharamulo, Tanzania, and in four surrounding villages. This study also identifies the links between the villages and the town and the extent of differences between village households. Town population in 1993 was 20,000 persons, or 1020 households, of which 29.4% were female-headed. Only 7.1% of village households were head...

introduction: iran is constantly exposed to natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and drought. in the meantime, drought is the major natural disaster which leads to numerous losses in agriculture and water resources, and this phenomenon is slow and creeping.available evidence suggests that drought management is based on crisis management. as the present management in our country is base...

The fall of the Berlin wall has led to a monumental change in the social and economic structure of most countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the CIS that have profoundly affected the nature of the rural sector and the livelihood opportunities open to rural residents. Prior to 1990, most of these countries had de facto abolished private property rights in favor of state or cooperati...