The purpose of the present study is to develop appropriate scoring scales for each of the defined stages of the writing process, and also to determine to what extent these scoring scales can reliably and validly assess the performances of EFL learners in an academic writing task. Two hundred and two students’ writing samples were collected after a step-by-step process oriented essay writing ins...

Writing about emotionally salient topics to influence a participant’s mood is a common experimental technique in emotion research. This study attempted to begin the biological characterization of this research paradigm. Thirtyeight participants were: 1) administered the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and asked to provide a saliva sample, 2) assigned to either an emotionally posit...

Abstract While many studies have investigated the effect of task complexity on L2 writing, little has been reported effects intended manipulations task-generated cognitive demands in writing. This study, therefore, was designed to examine relative and students’ Two argumentative writing tasks were manipulated with varying numbers elements reasoning be distinguished either as a simple or complex...

The ability to write effectively is becoming progressively important and instruction in writing is assuming an increasing role in second and foreign language education. Students’ writing abilities have been tested through various writing tasks. Independent tasks of writing or writing-only tasks have been utilized to test students’ writing ability; however, they have been criticized for their la...

Postural and kinetic tremor due to vitamin B12 deficit is rare in adults, but secondary writing tremor due this deficit is more unusual. We report the case of a writing tremor patient that was resolved after cyanocobalamin treatment. An 80-year-old man presented with a three-month history of trembling on his right hand, only becoming apparent when writing. He suffered from hypertension and diab...

The purpose of the present study was to explore the effectiveness of raising Iranian learners’ pragmatic awareness of intercultural rhetoric in enhancing their L2 writing ability, complexity, and accuracy. To this end, two 25-member groups of EFL learners who were taking Basic Writing course at Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch, were selected based on their performance on a language prof...