INTRODUCTION Addiction imposes a large medical, social and economic burden on societies. Currently, there is no effective treatment for addiction. Our struggle to decipher the different mechanisms involved in addiction requires a proper understanding of the brain regions which promote this devastating behavior. Previous studies have shown a pivotal role for insula in cigarette smoking. In this ...

OBJECTIVE In patients with long-standing diabetes mellitus (DM), there is increasing evidence for abnormal processing of gastrointestinal sensations in the central nervous system. Using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging, we characterized brain microstructure in areas involved in visceral sensory processing and correlated these findings to clinical parameters. RESEARCH DESIGN AND MET...

The human insular lobe, in the depth of the Sylvian fissure, displays three main cytoarchitectonic divisions defined by the differentiation of granular layers II and IV. These comprise a rostro-ventral agranular area, an intermediate dysgranular area, and a dorso-caudal granular area. Immunohistochemistry in human embryos and fetuses using antibodies against PCNA, Vimentin, Nestin, Tbr1, and Tb...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuroimaging studies of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) have found structural disconnection and large-scale neural network dysfunction. However, few studies have explored the local brain activity of RRMS patients in the resting state. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, regional homogeneity (ReHo) and resting-state functional connectivity (FC) were used to...

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the surgical anatomy of the insular cortex, morphology and vascularization of the insula and adjacent opercula in terms of transsylvian and transcortical approaches, and identification of the permissible anatomical boundaries for resection of glial tumors of the insula. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted on 18 anatomical specim...

Hypertensive African-Americans have a greater risk of cognitive impairment than hypertensive Caucasian-Americans. The neural basis of this increased risk is yet unknown. Neuroimaging investigations suggest that the normal neural activity comprises complex interactions between brain networks. Recent studies consistently demonstrate that the insula, part of the salience network, provides modulati...

ackground: Anticipation is a critical component of affective processing in general and for anxiety in particular. Prior research uggests that the right insula plays an important role in anticipation of affective processing during aversive images. This study aimed o test the hypothesis that individuals with increased anxiety-related temperamental traits (anxiety-prone [AP]) relative to nxiety-no...