An immense number of bacteria reside within the intestinal lumen. The task of appropriately identifying and responding to microbial threats lies primarily with the single layer of cells that line the intestinal tract. Intestinal epithelial cells have developed a number of strategies aimed at identifying microorganisms and eliciting the appropriate inflammatory response. The pathogen recognition...

Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastro-intestinal tract. It arises as a result of incomplete dissolution of the vitello-intestinal duct. Approximately 4% of patients with Meckel's diverticula develop complications, most commonly obstruction, gastro-intestinal bleeding and inflammation. We describe three unusual presentations of Meckel's diverticulum-perforatio...

The autonomic nervous supply to the gut is affected by long standing diabetes. These may be responsible for the disorders of the gut. Segmental demy-elination, reduction in size of the neurons, altered vasoactive intestinal poly-pepticle (VIP), somatostatin (SS) and substance P in these neurons supplying the gut and axonal degeneration in the meissneri plexus are the abnormalities found in diab...

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The extent of metabolic interactions between symbiotic intestinal microbes and the human host, and their system-wide effects on the host physiology are beginning to be understood. The metabolic capacity encoded by the intestinal microbiome significantly extends that of the host, making many of man's physiological characteristics an outcome of a human-microbe co-metabolism. A detailed characteri...