the role of microbiota in health and disease is the subject of rigorous investigation. several studies have demonstrated that microbiota and the pattern-recognition receptors contribute to intestinal tumourigenesis; the exact mechanism of which is still obscure. myd88 is the downstream effector of all toll-like receptors (tlrs) except tlr3. however, the alternative myd88-independent pathway is ...

clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) is related to gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria. this rod-shaped bacterium produces spores and can cause a wide spectrum of diseases in humans and animals. every of five different bacterium types can lead to different diseases. most of distinct bacterial recognition methods are not completely effective and practical in all condition. the objective of ...

  Absract   Intestinal malrotation is a general term used for any deviation from normal embryonic GI tract rotations. This abnormality, denotes a spectrum of conditions (non rotation, incomplete rotation) that according to the severity of anatomic consequence, can result in complications found in infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood or old age. This article, reports another case of intest...

· To learn the anatomy of the gastro-intestinal tract; · To learn the physiology of the gastro-intestinal tract especially with regard to nutrition; · To learn the consequences of critical illness on the function of the gastro-intestinal tract; · To learn the causes of disturbances in the balance between intestinal bacteria spp and their effects on the function of the bowel; · To learn the cons...

pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (pci) is a rare condition charachterized by the presence of multiple gases filled cysts in the gastro intestinal tract. in this article we present three cases with different features, who at the end evaluation pci was diagnosed. the first patient present with rectorrhagia (submucosal pci). the second patient present with dyspepsia (subserosal intestinal pci) a...

• To learn the anatomy of the gastro-intestinal tract; • To learn the physiology of the gastro-intestinal tract especially with regard to nutrition; • To learn the consequences of critical illness on the function of the gastro-intestinal tract; • To learn the causes of disturbances in the balance between intestinal bacteria and their effects on the function of the bowel; • To learn the conseque...

absract intestinal malrotation is a general term used for any deviation from normal embryonic gi tract rotations. this abnormality, denotes a spectrum of conditions (non rotation, incomplete rotation) that according to the severity of anatomic consequence, can result in complications found in infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood or old age. this article, reports another case of intestinal...

Duplications of the alimentary tract are rare congenital malformations and may occur anywhere in the intestinal tract. Intestinal duplication cysts have been rarely found with intestinal malrotation anomaly. We present a 2-year old boy who had intestinal duplication cyst, associated with intestinal malrotation anomaly.