Gary A. Clark Research Irrigation Engineer Quick Facts Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is a low-pressure irrigation system that uses polyethylene driplines that are permanently buried below the soil surface. Water drips to the surrounding soil through built-in emitters (specialized small openings). SDI places water directly into the root zone of the crop. It may improve yield due to high appli...

BACKGROUND Irrigation of the root canal system is an essential step in the endodontic treatment. The aim of this article is to introduce continuous apical negative-pressure ultrasonic irrigation (CANUI), a new irrigation concept, and compare the characteristics of this new technique with current devices for activating the irrigant. MATERIAL AND METHODS CANUI is designed for cleaning and disin...

At present, the shortage of water resources has become a serious constraint to the further development of social economy. The optimal allocation of multi-water resources is valuable for agricultural water management in arid and semi-arid regions. However, traditional deterministic programming does not solve the complex water resources allocation in irrigation systems. Furthermore, previous allo...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different irrigant agitation techniques on smear layer removal in curved root canals. METHODS Mesiobuccal canals of 62 extracted lower molars with a curvature of 33 degrees were used and instrumented up to ProTaper F2. The samples were divided into 3 experimental groups according to the final irrigation: conventional irri...

Furrow irrigation detaches and transports soil particles and subsequently nutrients such as phosphorus (P). To reduce the risk of erosion and offsite P movement, producers can convert from furrow to sprinkler irrigation. We completed research on soil P dynamics in furrow versus sprinkler irrigated soils from four paired fields in south central Idaho. Surface soils (0-2.5 inches) were obtained f...

Background. This in vitro study aimed to compare the antibacterial effect of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on elimination of Enterococcus faecalis from root canal systems of primary teeth with or without a passive sonic irrigation system (EndoActivator). Methods. The root canals of 120 extracted single-rooted primary incisors were prepared using the crown-down technique. The t...

The study reports the development of a model for the generation of daily volumes and hourly discharge hydrographs, withdrawn from on-demand pressurised irrigation systems. The model is based on the simulation of the water budget at the level of each single hydrant. Under the hypothesis that the initial soil moisture is at field capacity, once the soil water reserve falls down a pre-defined limi...

Increasing population leads to intensification of water shortage problems in arid regions. Agriculture sector is the main user of water in Iran. Bushehr province with an arid and semiarid climate is located in the south of Iran. Improvement of water productivity (WP), the value or benefit derived from the use of water, is essential in the agriculture sector for achieving food security and susta...