Two well-documented examples of studies that can be eliminated from the data requirement list without apparent impact on the quality of risk assessment are presented. Database evaluations demonstrated no clear difference in sensitivity between 3-month and 12-month dog studies. From a regulatory perspective, only two compounds were identified in which the NOAEL for the 12-month dog study was mor...

2.0 Points of Departure and Potency Estimates...............................................3 2.1 The Benchmark Dose approach.................................................... 3 2.2 The T25 approach......................................................................7 2.3 Comparing BMD and T25 methodology for use in risk assessment.........8 2.4 The TD50 approach................................

SimSum (Slmulatxon of Summarizing) simulates 20 real-world worlang steps of expert summarizers It presents an empmcally founded cogmUve model of summarizing that operaUonahzes the discourse processing model developed by van Dijk and Kmtsch (1983) The observed strate.gles of expert summarizers have g~ven nse to cooperating object-onented agents commumcatlng through dedicated blackboards Each age...

Theoretical progress in understanding the dynamics of spreading processes on graphs suggests the existence of an epidemic threshold below which no epidemics form and above which epidemics spread to a significant fraction of the graph. We have observed information cascades on the social media site Digg that spread fast enough for one initial spreader to infect hundreds of people, yet end up affe...

Benchmark dose (BMD) modeling has been touted as a more accu­ rate method for conducting chemical risk assessments. In this issue of EHP, a team of researchers applied BMD modeling to hundreds of chemicals whose health effects are already known in an effort to optimize the approach. To calculate the highest safe oral dose of a noncarcinogenic chem­ ical, regulators must first estimate the point...

An expression for Fisher’s observed information matrix is given under type I censoring for any location-scale distribution under mild requirements. It is illustrated on a data set which has been analyzed by several authors.

In auditory statistical learning, children are sensitive to the transitional structure of their language environment. Variability and stability of utterances in the language environment are important properties of statistical learning but are currently understudied across laboratory and naturalistic research contexts. In this study, we quantify variability and stability in the language environm...

SETTING Standardised tuberculosis (TB) treatment through directly observed therapy (DOT) is available in South Africa, but the level of adherence to standardised TB treatment and its impact on treatment outcomes is unknown. OBJECTIVES To describe adherence to standardised TB treatment and provision of DOT, and analyse its impact on treatment outcome. METHODS We utilised data collected for a...