The synthesis of citrulline from glutamine was quantified in enterocytes from pre-weaning (14-21 days old) and post-weaning (29-58 days old) pigs. The cells were incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min in Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0, 0.5, 2 and 5 mM glutamine. Oxygen consumption was linear during the 30 min incubation period. The rates of citrulline synthesis were low ...

A combined fatty acid metabolism assay was employed to determine fatty acid uptake and relative utilisation in enterocytes isolated from the pyloric caeca of rainbow trout. In addition, the effect of a diet high in long-chain monoenoic fatty alcohols present as wax esters in oil derived from Calanus finmarchicus, compared to a standard fish oil diet, on caecal enterocyte fatty acid metabolism w...

The absorption of glucose (free, and released from membrane hydrolysis of maltose) and water in the isolated loop of the rat small intestine was studied in chronic experiments. Even at maximum glucose (75 mmol/l) or maltose (37.5 mmol/l) concentrations the rate of glucose transfer by solvent drag and by diffusion did not exceed 13% and 25%, respectively, of the total rate of glucose absorption....

The receptors involved in the sampling of particulate microbial antigens by the gut are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate for the first time in an in vitro M-cell model and in situ in isolated murine intestinal segments that the receptors TLR-4, PAF-R, and alpha5beta1 integrin are all involved in mediating bacterial uptake associated with transcytosis. The pattern of expression of TLR-4 and ...

Evidence suggests that stress may be a contributing factor in intestinal inflammatory disease; however, the involved mechanisms have not been elucidated. We previously reported that acute stress alters epithelial physiology of rat intestine. In this study, we documented stress-induced macromolecular transport across intestinal epithelium. After exposure of Wistar-Kyoto rats to acute restraint s...

An isoform of the mammalian renal type II Na/Pi-cotransporter is described. Homology of this isoform to described mammalian and nonmammalian type II cotransporters is between 57 and 75%. Based on major diversities at the C terminus, the new isoform is designed as type IIb Na/Pi-cotransporter. Na/Pi-cotransport mediated by the type IIb cotransporter was studied in oocytes of Xenopus laevis. The ...

Apolipoprotein B (apoB)-dependent and apoB-independent pathways for cholesterol transport have been described in cultured cells. Here, we show that the apoB-independent pathway involves apoA-I-containing high density lipoproteins (HDLs). Cholesterol secretion by the HDLs, but not by the apoB pathway, was significantly reduced in primary enterocytes isolated from chow- and cholesterol-fed apoA-I...

A virus-host cell-binding assay was developed and used to investigate specific binding between group A porcine rotavirus and MA-104 cells or porcine enterocytes. A variety of glycoconjugates and cellular components were screened for their ability to block rotavirus binding to cells. During these experiments a crude ganglioside mixture was observed to specifically block rotavirus binding. On the...