Biosynthetic valencene, premnaspirodiene, and natural caryophyllene were hydrogenated and evaluated as high performance fuels. The parent sesquiterpenes were then isomerized to complex mixtures of hydrocarbons with the heterogeneous acid catalyst Nafion SAC-13. High density fuels with net heats of combustion ranging from 133-141 000 Btu gal(-1), or up to 13% higher than commercial jet fuel coul...

In many severe accidents involving explosions or large fires, jet fires have been the first step of a domino effect sequence: a recent historical analysis has shown that among the accidents registered in the data bases, in approximately 50% of the cases in which it was a jet fire it caused another event with severe effects. However, the knowledge of jet fires essential features –behaviour, effe...

Combustion kinetics ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Physical mixing and its effects on ignition, propagation and extinction ...................................................... 2 Mixing ...........................................................................................................

The biocidal and biostatic activities of seven glycol monoalkyl ether compounds were evaluated as part of an effort to find an improved anti-icing additive for jet aircraft fuel. Typical fuel contaminants, Cladosporium resinae, Gliomastix sp., Candida sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a mixed culture containing sulfate-reducing bacteria were used as assay organisms. Studies were carried out over...

Progress in the performance of tokamak devices has enabled not only the production of significant bursts of fusion energy from deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) and the Joint European Torus (JET) but, more importantly, the initial study of the physics of burning magnetically confined plasmas. TFTR and JET, in conjunction with the worldwide fusion effort, ...

The Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion regime has received interest from the industrial furnace and gas turbine engine industries due to attractive properties of reduced NOx emissions and high thermal efficiency. MILD combustion is characterized by low oxygen concentrations (i.e. 3-9% by volume) and high reactant temperatures. The focus of the current study was to underst...

A newly developed heavy duty diesel engine in dual fuel mode of operation has been studied in detail. The main fuel would be natural gas and diesel oil as pilot injection. The importance and effects of mixture preparation and formation through ports, valves and in cylinder flow field with different swirl ratio and tumble on diesel combustion phenomena is an accepted feature which has been studi...

Abstract New alternative jet fuels have provided many advantages in the aviation industry, especially terms of economics and environment. However, fuel–seal compatibility is one major issues that restricts fuel advancement into market. Thus, to help understand solve problem, this study examines swelling effect prepared non-prepared O-rings different aromatic species. Stress relaxation experimen...