Epilepsy is one of the common disorders in human community. Clinical observations have shown that epileptic patients have often difficulty in learning and memory. Kindling is a laboratory model for studying epilepsy and its complications. This experiment was designed to study the effect of chemical kindling on Schaffer collateral-CA1 pyramidal cell synaptic transmission using pentylenetetrazole...

Lead is known to be a potent neurotoxin that can cause seizure activity in humans and animals. Also, epileptic type convulsion is a known complication of hypothyroidism. This study was performed to determine the effect of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism and chronic lead exposure on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling parameters. The test was carried out by using male alb...

Kindling is a very suitable animal model for studying basis mechanisms of epilepsy. In this model , repeated exposure to weak electrical or chemical increases neuronal excitability and there fore decreases the threshold for induction of epileptic seizures. According to abundant distribution of opioid peptides and their receptors in different brain structures and also the role of these receptors...

objective(s): stress induces many homeostatic aberrations which are followed by lifelong allostatic responses. epilepsy is developed or influenced by different environmental factors, i.e. prenatal stress which makes many contradictory developmental changes in seizure threshold and intensity. we investigated the potential seizure response of the rat offspring to prenatal stress; the stress which...

lead is known to be a potent neurotoxin that can cause seizure activity in humans and animals. also, epileptic type convulsion is a known complication of hypothyroidism. this study was performed to determine the effect of propylthiouracil (ptu)-induced hypothyroidism and chronic lead exposure on pentylenetetrazol (ptz)-induced kindling parameters. the test was carried out by using male albino r...

low frequency stimulation (lfs) is a potential alternative therapy for epilepsy. however, it seems that the anticonvulsant effects of lfs depend on its target sites in the brain. thus, the present study was designed to compare the anticonvulsant effects of lfs administered to amygdala, piriform cortex and substantia nigra on amygdala kindling acquisition. in control group, rats were kindled in ...

Introduction: The claustrum interconnects with the allocortical and neocortical regions and also projects to the hippocampus and the amygdala. .The role of claustrum in the complex partial seizure is not clear. Thus in this study the effect of amygdala lesion on anterior claustrum kindled seizures in rat were investigated. Methods: Male Wistar rats, weighting 250-300 g, were received DC curren...

Introduction: Although hippocampus is the most famous brain area involved in temporal lobe epilepsy, hippocampal kindling (HK) develops very slowly. Hence, rapid kindling is usually preferred to the traditional kindling and it is widely used. In this article we aimed at finding the optimal stimulus pattern, which yields the fastest HK rate. Methods: Stimulus patterns with different duratio...

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the population worldwide, with a broad spectrum of symptoms and disabilities. Post-traumatic hyperexcitability is one of the most common neurological disorders that affect people after a head injury. A reliable animal model of post-traumatic hyperexcitability induced by TBI which allows one to test effective tr...

Trimethylolpropane phosphate (TMPP), pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and N-methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide (FG-7142) were evaluated and compared for facilitation of electrical kindling in freely moving rats. Stimulating/recording electrodes were implanted in the left amygdala (LAD), right amygdala (RAD) and left bed nucleus (LBN) of the stria terminalis. TMPP (0.275 mg/kg), PTZ (20 mg/kg), FG-7142 ...