A distillation column with the possibility of heat exchange on every tray (a fully diabatic column) is optimized in the sense of minimizing its total entropy production. This entropy production counts the interior losses due to heat and mass flow as well as the entropy generated in the heat exchangers. It is observed that the optimal heating distribution, i.e. the heat exchange required on each...

background: work clothing can limit heat exchange between humans and the environment and cause thermal strain and heat-related disorders in workers. it can thus reduce both efficiency and productivity. the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of work clothing material on physiological strain index (psi) in climatic chamber. methods: an interventional study was conducted on 18 male s...

BACKGROUND Heat and moisture loss from the respiratory tract during exercise are important triggers of exercise induced asthma. METHODS A new heat and moisture exchange mask has been developed which both recovers exhaled heat and water and has a sufficiently low resistance for use during exercise. The effect of the mask on inspired air temperature was studied in four normal subjects. Eight as...

A comprehensive analysis of bioheat transport through a double layer and multilayer biological media is presented in this work. Analytical solutions have been developed for blood and tissue phase temperatures and overall heat exchange correlations, incorporating thermal conduction in tissue and vascular system, blood-tissue convective heat exchange, metabolic heat generation, and imposed heat f...

Control of buoyancy The change in temperature of spermaceti oil necessary to achieve neutral buoyancy The loss of heat from the spermaceti oil necessary to achieve neutral buoyancy The mechanism of losing heat Heat loss via the surface of the head Heat loss via the right naris The time required for heat exchange Heat available for reheating the spermaceti oil Storage of heat Timing of heat loss...