in welfare economic studies, because of the differences among households scale, we cannot consider household expenditures without attention to this factor. a simple method to consider household scale in welfare analysis is the usage of the per capita expenditure. but, the usage of per capita expenditure ignores economies of scale. in fact, per capita expenditure is a biased variable, and underv...

In recent years two ambitious historical national account reconstructions of British economic development over the very long run have been published (Broadberry et als 2015, Clark 2010). Broadberry et als estimates national income and per capita income growth using output data while Clark is using income data, that is wage, capital income and land rent data. In principle results from these reco...

The present study illustrates a multidimensional analysis of an indicator of urban land use efficiency (per-capita built-up area, LUE) in mainland Attica, a Mediterranean urban region, along different expansion waves (1960–2010): compaction and densification in the 1960s, dispersed growth along the coasts and on Athens’ fringe in the 1970s, fringe consolidation in the 1980s, moderate re-polariz...

This paper uses data from a household survey to estimate changes in land distribution in rural West Bengal between 1967-2004 and decompose these into contributions of different factors. There was a substantial drop in land per household and land per capita, while within-village inequality rose. The latter was associated mainly with rising landlessness induced by high rates of household division...

BACKGROUND National disparities in asbestos use will likely lead to an unequal burden of asbestos diseases. OBJECTIVES As economic status may be linked to asbestos use, we assessed, globally, the relationship between indicators of national economic development and asbestos use. METHODS For the 135 countries that have ever used asbestos, per capita asbestos use (kilograms per capita per year...

with the publication of the brundtland report carried the sustainability discussion into governments and businesses worldwide, much effort has gone into clarifying the meaning of the sustainability concept. to make the concept measurable and applied city sustainable idea, some new method was needed. so the method named ecological footprint has been presented.the ecological footprint method that...