As a characterization of language rhythm typology, several indices have been proposed. Among them are nPVI, rPVI, %V, ΔV, and ΔC. Investigations of their usefulness as indicators of language rhythm classes are generally based on production data. In this paper, a perceptual experiment is reported using low-pass filtered songs sung in English and Japanese. The aim was to examine which index best ...

In this paper, we present an extension of the DCR method, which is a framework for the deep evaluation of Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) Systems. The key point of our contribution is the use of a linguistic typology in order to generate an evaluation corpus that covers a significant number of the linguistic phenomena we want to evaluate our system on. This allows to have more objective and...

The correct choice of words has proven challenging for learners of a second language and errors of this kind form a separate category in error typology. This paper focuses on one known example of two verbs that are often confused by non-native speakers of Germanic languages, to make and to do. We conduct experiments using syntactic information and immediate context for Dutch and English. Our re...

This paper discusses the corpus annotation effort in the FLAG project and its application in the development of controlled language and grammar checking applications. A USENET corpus was collected and annotated using the error typology developed in the project. The DiET tool was used to support the automatic annotation effort, and to evaluate and validate the data. Finally, we report on some in...

This work focuses on the concept of frame of reference. Levinson (2003) suggested that spatial information encoded in one frame of reference cannot be translated into another one. While this is partially true in language, I argue for a nesting relationship between frames of reference at the conceptual level. A set of spatial concepts suggested by Lehman & Bennardo (2003) informs this investigat...

Software components developed with an object-oriented language undergo considerable reprogramming before they become reusable for a wide range of applications or domains. Tools and methodologies are therefore needed to cope with the complexity of designing, updating and reorganizing class collections. We present a typology of techniques for controlling change in object-oriented systems, illustr...

This short paper first outlines an explanatory model that contrasts the evaluation of systems for which human language appears in their input with systems for which language appears in their output, or in both input and output. The paper then compares metrics for NLG evaluation with those applied to MT systems, and then with the case of reference resolution, which is the reverse task of generat...

In this paper, we develop a new typology of multiple wh-questions with coordinated wh-pronouns. We motivate the existence of three distinct structures for such questions: one mono-clausal and two bi-clausal. We use four kinds of diagnostics to determine which of the three structures is available in a particular language: the availability of both multiple wh-questions and wh-questions with coord...

This article addresses various issues in the diachrony of gender marking, such as the origin and typology of gender systems, pathways of change and the question of directionality in relation to the Agreement Hierarchy, and the semantic basis of changes in gender systems in relation to the Individuation Hierarchy. It also offers an overview of recent multidisciplinary approaches to the evolution...

Abstract This study evaluated the translation quality of English equivalents of Persian proper nouns in the tourist signs and bilingual boards in Isfahan. To find different errors in the translations of the bilingual boards and tourist signs, the data were collected directly by taking picture or writing exactly from the available tourist signs and bilingual boards. Then, the errors were assesse...