humans are equipped with some universal or language-specific abilities to recognize emotions. however, because of the different emotional contents in diverse languages and the relevant cultural differences, humans with different cultural backgrounds own different metapragmatical abilities to recognize and express emotions. a hypothesis concerning emotional effects about intonation and particle ...

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This work examines the impact of crosslinguistic transfer on grammatical errors in English as Second Language (ESL) texts. Using a computational framework that formalizes the theory of Contrastive Analysis (CA), we demonstrate that language specific error distributions in ESL writing can be predicted from the typological properties of the native language and their relation to the typology of En...

this paper investigates different kinds of control predicates in persian subjunctive complements. first, it is shown that the obligatory control (oc) constructions syntactically consist of two subtypes exhaustive control (ec) and non-exhaustive control (nec). then building upon jackendoff and culicover (2003) and culicover and jackendoff’s (2005) semantic analysis of control which is devoted to...

Two of the major assumptions that common statistical tests make about random sampling and distribution of the data are not tenable for most typological data. We suggest to use randomization tests, which avoid these assumptions. Randomization is applicable to frequency data, rank data, scalar measurements, and ratings, so most typological data can be analyzed with the same tools. We provided a f...