The article analyzes the structure of political elite Kaluga region. By means biographical analysis, composition region in executive, legislative and judicial branches government is considered. In practical terms, research interest concentrated around 35 personalities who are part regional included sample for analysis. Appealing to network approach as methodological basis research, authors, bas...

Ethical consensus and appellate court decisions view artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) as medical treatment that can be refused like other treatments. However, advance directive statutes may produce obstacles for refusal of ANH, as distinct from other life-sustaining treatments, in patients who lack capacity. This paper reviews state statutes and appellate case law regarding medical deci...

Exceptions to legal rules often represent a step outside the bounds of existing law, specifically, outside the bounds of the rules and principles to which they are exceptions, and their creation is therefore often an exercise of true judicial power—the ability to act unfettered by preexisting legal constraint. Professor Frederick Schauer, in his paper Exceptions, largely ignores this intuition....

Like the United Kingdom, Canada traditionally has been committed to the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy, which leaves little room for judicial protection of individual rights. In 1982, however, the Canadian Constitution, originally a product of the United Kingdom, was "patriated" to Canada. It was also amended to include a judicially-enforceable Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This amendmen...

Americans’ attitudes toward same-sex relationships have liberalized considerably over the last 40 years. We examine how demographic processes generating social change in changed time. Using data from 1973 to 2018 General Social Survey and decomposition techniques, we estimate relative contributions of intracohort cohort replacement overall for three different periods. (1) period prior rapid inc...

The problem of determining the meaning, place and role judicial rulemaking in domestic legal system has remained relevant for many years. There is no uniform approach to issue establishing influence on legislation. Based analysis various points view theorists practice Constitutional Court Russian Federation Supreme Federation, author defines concept direct indirect impact higher instances legis...