Androgens control growth of prostate epithelial cells and androgen deprivation induces apoptosis, leading to prostate involution. We investigated the effects of surgical stress on prostate involution induced by androgen ablation and determined the underlying mechanisms. Androgen ablation in mice was induced by surgical castration and administration of the anti-androgenic drugs bicalutamide and ...

Let (W,S) be a Coxeter system. An element in W and an ordered list of elements in S give us a subword complex, as defined by Knutson and Miller. We define the “fish product” between an involution in W and a generator in S, which is also discussed by Hultman. This “fish product” always produces an involution. The structure of the involution subword complex ∆̂(Q,w) behaves very similarly to the re...

Postlactational involution of the mammary gland is characterized by two distinct physiological events: apoptosis of the secretory, epithelial cells undergoing programmed cell death, and proteolytic degradation of the mammary gland basement membrane. We examined the spatial and temporal patterns of apoptotic cells in relation to those of proteinases during involution of the BALB/c mouse mammary ...

In this paper we generalize the notion of an ι-symmetric word, from an antimorphic involution, to an arbitrary involution ι as follows: a nonempty word w is said to be ι-symmetric if w = αβ = ι(βα) for some words α, β . We propose the notion of ιtwin-roots (x, y) of an ι-symmetric wordw. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the ι-twin-roots of an ι-symmetric word, and show that the left fac...

This paper follows upon the study of the Airy bispectral involution made in [KR]. There we gave an analogue, for arbitrary rank, of the rank-one bispectral involution developed by Wilson [W1]. Recently, [W2], Wilson has established a relationship between the rank-one bispectral involution and the complex analogue of the CalogeroMoser phase space. This relationship leads to explicit formulae for...

Xenopus provides a well-studied model of vertebrate gastrulation, but a central feature, the movement of the mesoderm to the interior of the embryo, has received little attention. Here, we analyze mesoderm involution at the Xenopus dorsal blastopore lip. We show that a phase of rapid involution – peak involution – is intimately linked to an early stage of convergent extension, which involves di...

Let (G; ) be given. Here G is an algebraic group and an involution in Out(G) determining an inner class of real forms. Fix a Cartan subgroup and a BorelH B G and a set of root vectors fX g. This determines a unique distinguished involution of G mapping to and …xing the pinning (H;B; fX g). Form the extended group G = Go , where = f1; g is the Galois group of C over R, and acts on G by the invol...