Stalnaker (1974, 1979) made two seminal claims about presuppositions. The most influential one was that presupposition projection is computed by a pragmatic mechanism based on a notion of ‘local context’. Due to conceptual and technical difficulties, however, the latter notion was reinterpreted in purely semantic terms within ‘dynamic semantics’ (Heim 1983). The second claim was that some insta...

Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring with non-zero identity, $fa$ an ideal of $R$, and $X$ an $R$--module. Here, for fixed integers $s, t$ and a finite $fa$--torsion $R$--module $N$, we first study the membership of $Ext^{s+t}_{R}(N, X)$ and $Ext^{s}_{R}(N, H^{t}_{fa}(X))$ in the Serre subcategories of the category of $R$--modules. Then, we present some conditions which ensure the exi...

In this article‎, ‎a new scheme inspired from collocation method is‎ ‎presented for numerical solution of stiff initial-value problems and Fredholm integral equations of the first kind based on the derivatives of residual function‎. ‎Then‎, ‎the error analysis‎ ‎of this method is investigated by presenting an error bound‎. ‎Numerical comparisons indicate that the‎ ‎presented method yields accur...

The local limit theorem describes how the density of a sum of random variables follows the normal curve. However the local limit theorem is often seen as a curiosity of no particular importance when compared with the central limit theorem. Nevertheless the local limit theorem came first and is in fact associated with the foundation of probability theory by Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fer...

nowadays, tube bonding in vehicles structure is noticeably considered by many researches. in this paper, local tube compression process by a rubber ring has been studied. firstly, simulation of the process was performed by fem. then, experimental test has been carried out to validate the numerical results. numerical and experimental results were compared showing a good agreement. in the second ...

in this work, using eigenvalues and eigenvectors of unitary cayley graphs over finite local rings and elementary linear algebra, we characterize which local rings allowing pst occurring in its unitary cayley graph. moreover, we have some developments when $r$ is a product of local rings.

conclusions cooling the injection site prior to local anesthetic injection is an effective and inexpensive method to reduce the pain and discomfort caused by the injection. methods subjects who presented with superficial lacerations were randomly assigned to 2 groups, the first group received ice packing prior to injection and the second did not. the pain severity, length and depth of the lacer...