Using a code developed to compute high Reynolds number viscoelastic flows, polymer injection from the upstream stagnation point of a circular cylinder is modeled at Re 1⁄4 3900. Polymer stresses are represented using the FENE-P constitutive equations. By increasing polymer injection rates within realistic ranges, significant near wake stabilization is observed. Rather than a turbulent detached ...

Critical issues in the development of oil fields include differences layer properties as well serious interlayer conflicts and disturbances that can lead to formation a preferential flow pathway. In order understand disturbance mechanism between heterogeneous layers, mathematical models polymer, two-phase micro-flow porous media are established based on Navier-Stokes equation. The phase-field m...

Abstract Surfactants are among the materials used to improve water properties for injection into oil reservoirs, and reduce phase crude interfacial tension (IFT). Recently, interest in use of natural surfactants has increased is constantly on rise solve some challenges using chemical such as incompatibility with environment high cost. In this study, we have aqueous extract powdered leaf Myrtus ...

In the present study, we used Kalamkas, which is a typical Kazakhstani oilfield, produces wastewater with high Ca2+/Mg2+ and Fe2+ concentrations, as case study. We investigated method for preparing polymer solutions without oxygen isolation under conditions of salinity >110 × 103 mg/L, concentration >7000 >30 mg/L. Fe2+-resistant groups were grafted onto molecular chains hydrophobicall...

Zygophyllum simplex L. is a succulent annual that grows on the coastal and inland saline flats around Karachi, Pakistan. The seeds are moderately salt tolerant during germination. Germination of Zygophyllum simplex seeds under various salinity, proline, betaine, GA and kinetin treatments was determined. Proline (0±1 and 1 m) and betaine (0±1 and 1 m) alleviated the innate dormancy of seeds, a...

the influence of salinity on the different polyamine fractions (free, conjugated, and bound) was compared in a natrophilic halophyte (beta vulgaris l. cv. ic) and a salt sensitive glycophyte (nicotiana rustica l. cv. basmas). low-level salinity (25 mm nacl) and high salinity (150 and 50 mm nacl for sugar beet and tobacco, respectively) were supplied in hydroponics. under low salinity shoot dry ...

Marine elasmobranchs maintain internal osmolality higher than their external environment, resulting in an osmotic gradient for branchial water uptake. This gradient is markedly increased in low-salinity habitats. The subsequent increase in water uptake presents a challenge to volume homeostasis. The Atlantic stingray is a marine elasmobranch that inhabits a remarkable range of environmental sal...

Rangelands are very diverse, and they spread from low vegetation desert areas to those with more rainfall and more cover In saline and desert areas, there are many restrictions on vegetation establishment, hence the use of amendments. The study area is located south of Nazarabad city in Alborz province, Iran. In this study, different amendments, such as mineral biochar, arbuscular mycorrhiza fu...

Laboratory measurements of the effects of steam injection on the electrical conductivity of sands can aid in the interpretation of electrical surveys used to monitor subsurface steam-injection projects. The effect of variations in injected steam quality was measured in the experiments presented here. The injection of low-quality steam, boiled from a 0.01 mol/L NaCl solution, into clean sand sat...