We shall consider slightly more general problems. Namely, we shall investigate the existence of continuous: piecewise monotone, piecewise strictly monotone, and piecewise linear n-th roots of interval maps which have a continuous n-th root. Here by an n-th root of f we mean a map g such that f = g (g is the n-th iterate of g). A continuous map f : I → J , where I, J are closed intervals, is pie...

Let $R$ be an associative ring with identity. An element $x in R$ is called $mathbb{Z}G$-regular (resp. strongly $mathbb{Z}G$-regular) if there exist $g in G$, $n in mathbb{Z}$ and $r in R$ such that $x^{ng}=x^{ng}rx^{ng}$ (resp. $x^{ng}=x^{(n+1)g}$). A ring $R$ is called $mathbb{Z}G$-regular (resp. strongly $mathbb{Z}G$-regular) if every element of $R$ is $mathbb{Z}G$-regular (resp. strongly $...

Let R be a ring, M a right R-module, and n a fixed non-negative integer. M is called n-cotorsion if Extn+1 R N M = 0 for any flat right R-module N . M is said to be n-flat if ExtR M N = 0 for any n-cotorsion right R-module N . We prove that ( n n is a complete hereditary cotorsion theory, where n (resp. n) denotes the class of all n-flat (resp. n-cotorsion) right R-modules. Several applications...

in this paper, we present gauss-sidel and successive over relaxation (sor) iterative methods for finding the approximate solution system of fuzzy sylvester equations (sfse), ax + xb = c, where a and b are two m*m crisp matrices, c is an m*m fuzzy matrix and x is an m*m unknown matrix. finally, the proposed iterative methods are illustrated by solving one example.

In the fuzzy theory of sets and groups, use α-levels is a standard to translate problems from crisp framework. Using strong α-levels, it possible establish one correspondence which makes doubly, gradual functorial treatment theory. The main result this paper identify class sets, respectively, with subcategories categories Set (0, 1], resp., Gr 1]. line, algebraic potential will be reached, in f...

most of the researches in the domain of fuzzy number comparisons serve the fuzzy number ordering purpose. for making a comparison between two fuzzy numbers, beyond the determination of their order, it is needed to derive the magnitude of their order. in line with this idea, the concept of inequality is no longer crisp however it becomes fuzzy in the sense of representing partial belonging or de...

Stress, commonly associated with weaning, marketing, and shipment of feeder cattle, can compromise immune function, and vaccine administration during immunosuppression may reduce vaccine efficacy and calf growth. Four treatments were compared in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate the effect of on-arrival (d 0) vs. delayed (d 14) administration of clostridial (CLOS) and respiratory (RESP)...

The sequential $p$-convergence in a fuzzy metric space, in the sense of George and Veeramani, was introduced by D. Mihet as a weaker concept than convergence. Here we introduce a stronger concept called $s$-convergence, and we characterize those fuzzy metric spaces in which convergent sequences are $s$-convergent. In such a case $M$ is called an $s$-fuzzy metric. If $(N_M,ast)$ is a fuzzy metri...

Serre’s reduction aims at reducing the number of unknowns and equations of a linear functional system (e.g., system of ordinary or partial differential equations, system of differential time-delay equations, system of difference equations). Finding an equivalent representation of a linear functional system containing fewer equations and fewer unknowns generally simplifies the study of its struc...