To introduce the concept of the autonomous system, this chapter starts by reviewing the central system concept and structure. Then the central system constrains are explained and it is shown how the distributed system is developed to cope with the limitations of the central system. The distributed control system emergence following distributed system concepts is studied. Another term which is u...

in this paper, we try to determine the status of the relation between dahr world and matrial world. the conclusion shows the subjective duality and objective unity of dahr and material entities. two interpretations of this duality can be suggested. in the first interpretation, this unity, and the duality supposed, are explained on the basis of different intellectual cognition of immaterial and ...

Co-ownership refers to legal relations in which two or more entities have equal rights to the use and enjoyment of property. Co-ownership relationships may satisfy the preferences of some owners, and predefined categories of co-ownership, as opposed to contractually defined relations, may allow parties to satisfy these preferences at relatively low cost. However, shared ownership results in coo...

One of the biggest challenges that higher learning institutions face today is to improve the quality of managerial decisions. The managerial decision making process becomes more complex as the complexity of educational entities increase. Educational institute seeks more efficient technology to better manage and support decision making procedures or assist them to set new strategies and plan for...

As social media and e-commerce on the Internet continue to grow, opinions have become one of the most important sources of information for users to base their future decisions on. Unfortunately, the large quantities of opinions make it difficult for an individual to comprehend and evaluate them all in a reasonable amount of time. The users have to read a large number of opinions of different en...