Based on trans-national and trans-industrial panel data collected from OECD-STAN, UNCOMTRADE and China Statistical Yearbooks, and by full consideration of knowledge heterogeneity from both country and industry aspects, also considering industrial correlation effect between manufacturing and service, the study mainly focuses on import technology spillover and its diversified decomposition charac...

Affected by globalization and increased complexity, supply chain managers have learned about the importance of Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP). However, in large scale supply chains, S&OP has received little attention, by both academics and practitioners. The purpose of this manuscript is to investigate the advantages of S&OP process using a mathematical modeling approach in a large scale ...

Wholesale affiliates account for a significant share of the foreign earnings of multinational firms. Yet little is known about them since empirical work on multinationals typically focuses on manufacturing affiliates. Instead, it has been presupposed that wholesale affiliates are a form of exporting by the parent company, and not a form of foreign direct investment. This paper presents evidence...

one of the topics after two decades of applying import substitution policy in iran manufacturing sector is the importance of industrial export expansion and foreign relations. the main impetus to this policy transfer is the market expansion and potential gains of exploiting the economies of scale and technical upgrades. based on this argument this research estimates the efficient scale and gain...

Holonic Manufacturing Systems (HMS) provides a flexible architecture to the changes and uncertainties of the manufacturing conditions. HMS has developed to meet the needs of consumers who are adapted to the capability of the company. This paper explains holon and holonic manufacturing system, analyzing the needs of the manufacturing system at the upcoming conditions, summarizes the current deve...