As the most complete source of orbital element information available to the public, the NORAD two-line element sets (TLEs) are used in a wide variety of orbit propagation tasks. Unfortunately, there is no error information provided for the TLEs. Due to orbit manoeuvres, errors introduced during the TLE generation and unmodelled perturbations, there are inevitable outliers in the TLEs, which hav...

Left: mouth against the mouth template. Right: nonmouth against the same template. Least squares regression (red) and arithmetic mean (blue).. .. .. .. 22 2.7 Left: mouth against the mouth template. Right: nonmouth against the same template. Weighted regression (red) and weighted mean (blue) with radial weights. 22 2.8 Left: the mouth of the person from Figure 1.1. Right: residuals of the linea...

The asymmetry of residuals about the origin is a severe issue in estimating Box-Cox transformed model. In framework uncertainty theory, there are such theoretical issues regarding least-squares estimation (LSE) and maximum likelihood (MLE) linear models after transformation on response variables. Heretofore, only weighting methods for analysis have been available. This article proposes an uncer...

In this paper we investigate the relationship between stabilized and enriched finite element formulations for the Stokes problem. We also present a new stabilized mixed formulation for which the stability parameter is derived purely by the method of weighted residuals. This new formulation allows equal order interpolation for the velocity and pressure fields. Finally, we show by counterexample ...

Growth rate coefficients for dark- and light-phase western grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) are compared with the Richards' growth model. The statistical assumptions necessary to estimate and test parameters are carefully scrutinized. Autocorrelations of the residuals are removed with an autoregressive model, and heterogeneity of variance of the residuals is corrected with weighted least squa...