The study was carried out for a period of 150 days on 120 Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cows between mid to late lactation to quantify the influence of body condition score (BCS) on yield and composition of milk. Total 12 dairy farms having same housing systems and holding at least 20 crossbred dairy cows per farm between mid to late lactation were selected for this study purposes. BCS of i...

Four fistulated Holstein cows were arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to study the effects of level and type of energy source on milk yield and composition. Treatments consisted of a basal diet fed alone (low energy treatment) or with 3.3 Mcal of net energy for lactation from extra nutrients perfused either into the rumen (either propionic acid or a mixture of volatile fatty acids) or into...

1. A comparison was made of the composition of milk from front and rear tetas in four sows. There were small and not significant differences in fat, protein and lactose contents, and in the fatty-acid composition of the milk fat with the exception of the 18:3 acid where the difference was also small but significant. 2. The effects of intravenous infusions of glucose and insulin in lactating sow...

Although it has long been known that there are seasonal variations in the chemical characteristics of butterfat, it has as yet not been possible to assess the relative importance of nutritional and lactational influences. Moreover, in the Northern Hemisphere the problem is further complicated by the climatic effects, which necessitate the maintenance of cows indoors during the colder months, th...

Twenty eight lactating buffaloes were used in a completely randomized design with 2×2 factorial arrangement of four experimental diets including low protein–low energy (LP-LE), low protein–high energy (LP-HE), high protein–low energy (HP-LE) and high protein–high energy (HP-HE). Results showed that the HP-HE diet recorded the highest digestibility coefficients of CP, EE, NFE, nutritive values, ...

collected data in animal breeding center of iran from 1983 to 2003 was used to estimate the genetic parameters of milk yield in iranian holstein cattle. genetic parameters were estimated, using single and three trait animal models. records of three lactations were divided into thre esub groups according to average milk yield, climitical regions and herd sizes. all variance components in the thr...

prophet of pou1f1 (prop1) plays direct or indirect important roles in the morphogenesis of pituitary gonadotropes as well as lactotropes, somatotropes and caudomedial thyrotropes. it also controls the expression of growth hormone, prolactin and thyrotropin subunits through regulatory pit1 factor. these hormones have important influences on production traits in most animal species including the ...