ad hoc mobile networks have dynamic topology with no central management. because of the high mobility of nodes, the network topology may change constantly, so creating a routing with high reliability is one of the major challenges of these networks .in the proposed framework first, by finding directions to the destination and calculating the value of the rout the combination of this value with ...

Zhi Li, Iowa State University Volker Hegelheimer, Iowa State University In this paper, we report on the development and implementation of a web-based mobile application, Grammar Clinic, for an ESL writing class. Drawing on insights from the interactionist approach to Second Language Acquisition (SLA), the Noticing Hypothesis, and mobile-assisted language learning (MALL), Grammar Clinic was desi...

Abstract Introduction: Mobile phones create high-frequency electromagnetic fields around them when in use. The close proximity of mobile phones to the user’s head leads to the absorption of part of the electromagnetic waves into the head and the brain. Methods: We have elucidated the alteration in cognitive function of the male and female offspring rats, which were exposed to chronic mobi...

Background: The emergence of electronic technologies has revolutionized teaching-learning process. One of these technologies is mobile learning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of education by mobile learning on learning and retention of nursing students in English teaching. Methods: The research design for this study was a pretest-po...

mobile phone technology means that it has become a very efficient tool. the development of tools and reduce its price, makes it all the segments of the from the old to the young do not go out of the house without their cell phone and the most essential tool with which they have. this has caused most organizations and service agencies also offer mobile services based on their. list of the quran,...

This quantitative, qualitative study investigates the usage of mobile phone applications in teaching and learning processes. The study aims to identify the benefits, difficulties, and resolutions of using mobile phone applications. The study was conducted in the English Department at Hebron University at the second semester of the academic years 2015/2016. The study focuses on the Business Engl...

Background Mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) has long been advocated to promote students' study outcomes. However, little is known about how using instant messaging applications (an example of MALL) affect student motivation, anxiety, and actual achievement. Objectives To help close this gap, we have conducted a quasi-experimental study, in which used self-determination theory test media...