BACKGROUND Increased monocyte activation and intestinal damage have been shown to be predictive for the increased morbidity and mortality observed in treated people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of cellular and soluble markers of monocyte activation, coagulation, intestinal damage, and inflammation in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ...

IgG deposition at tissue sites characteristically leads to macrophage accumulation and organ injury. Although the mechanism by which deposited IgG induces tissue injury is not known, we have recently demonstrated that deposited IgG stimulates the release of IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 from normal human monocytes, which may drive inflammation. Since IgG also induces macrophage ac...

In vitro monocyte maturation was studied in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung--limited to the ipsilateral hemithorax in 30 and more extensive in 40. The patients were studied prospectively and initial monocyte maturation was correlated with survival. Monocyte maturation in patients with limited disease before treatment ranged from 3.1 to 57.6% with a median value of 21.4%. The s...

Monocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation is regulated by members of the chemokine family of chemotactic cytokines. However, the mechanisms that govern the migration of monocytes from bone marrow to blood and from blood to inflamed tissues are not well understood. Here we report that CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is highly expressed on a subpopulation of blood monocytes whose numbers are m...

Carotid stenosis (CS) is an important cause of ischemic stroke. However, reliable markers for the purpose of identification of high-risk, so-called vulnerable carotid plaques, are still lacking. Monocyte subsets are crucial players in atherosclerosis and might also contribute to plaque rupture. In this study we, therefore, aimed to investigate the potential role of monocyte subsets and associat...

Monocyte-endothelial cell interactions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of vascular diseases that target arterial and aortic endothelium, including atherosclerosis. Many different adhesion molecules, such as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, are thought to mediate monocyte binding to endothelial cells during the development of these diseases. However, conflicting res...

This report examined the effect of corticosteroids in vitro on human peripheral blood monocytes, essential cells in both immune and nonimmune cellular defense mechanisms. Monocyte chemotaxis in response to sera, Escherichia coli filtrate, and lymphokine chemotactic factor was markedly reduced (P < 0.01) by hydrocortisone succinate (HCS) at 16 mug/ml. Methylprednisolone succinate and unesterifie...

AIMS Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) pose a worldwide growing burden to health care systems due to accelerated atherosclerosis and subsequent high cardiovascular (CV) morbidity. Atherogenesis is prominently driven by monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. The expression of CD14 and CD16 characterizes three monocyte subsets: CD14(++)CD16(-), CD14(++)CD16(+), and CD14((+))CD16(+) ...

Monocyte-endothelial interactions are of fundamental importance in determining the movement of monocytes from the blood stream into the vessel wall. This study reports that two endothelium-derived factors, nitric oxide and prostacyclin, alter in vitro monocyte behavior. Nitric oxide (greater than 10(-5) M) inhibited monocyte adhesion to porcine aortic endothelial cell monolayers, whereas prosta...

BACKGROUND Smoking is a potent cardiovascular risk factor and is associated with proinflammatory and prothrombotic responses. The CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) dyad and platelet-monocyte aggregation mediate a range of proinflammatory and prothrombotic processes thought to be important in atherothrombosis. We investigated whether expression of the CD40/CD40L dyad and platelet-monocyte aggregation are...