Serious Games (SG) are more and more used for training in various domains, and notably in the crisis management domain. Crisis management can gather several hundred stakeholders, which can present various difficulties when organizing field exercises. Serious Game constitutes a more practical alternative with specific benefits concerning detailed players’ actions tracking during a simulated exer...

For an indoor non-directed line of sight optical wireless communication (NLOS-OWC) system we investigate the optimized Lambertian order (OLO) of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We firstly derive an expression for the OLO from a conventional Lambertian LED model. Then, we analyze the indoor multi-cell NLOS-OWC channel characteristics including the optical power distribution and the multipath time ...

‎In this essay we introduce and study the notion of dimension for observers via Caratheodory structures and relative probability measures‎. ‎We show that the dimension as a three variables function is an increasing function on observers‎, ‎and decreasing function on the cuts of an observer‎. ‎We find observers with arbitrary non-negative dimensions‎. ‎We show that Caratheodory dimension for obs...

In this paper, an efficient multi-objective model is proposed to solve time-cost trade off problem considering cash flows. The proposed multi-objective meta-heuristic is based on Ant colony optimization and is called Non Dominated Archiving Ant Colony Optimization (NAACO). The significant feature of this work is consideration of uncertainties in time, cost and more importantly interest rate. A ...

based on the current approach, to ascertain and enforce the sanctions in law is one of the exclusive functions of governments. but the deeper examination reveals that many transactors prefer non-legal sanctions. at first glance, this self-enforcement mechanism seems to be contrary to legal fundamentals. therefore, these sanctions are contested in law. this article is an attempt to consider a ne...

evaluating and selecting alternatives investment projects needs considering all relevant and important aspects. in traditional methods, the focus is just on tangible monetary criteria. also in the traditional methods, either all the information’s about factors must be known precisely or sufficient objective data must be available for applying probability theory. in this paper, a combinative app...