conclusions the results of pcr-ribotyping indicate that no relationship exists between clinical and meat isolates. we therefore conclude that other sources than meat may function as a vector for ca-cdi. results the overall prevalence of c. difficile with two toxigenic genes including tcda and tcdb was estimated at 4.0%. c. difficile was detected in 2.8%, 2.1%, 3.6% and 6.2% of chopped beef, gro...

“Esterquat” which is basically the class of surface active quaternary + ammonium compounds have general formula R N X .Locally available cheap raw 4 material were used to synthesized cationic fabric softeners. Free fatty acids were derived o from beef tallow and were treated with triethanolamine at 135 C. The obtained di-ester was refluxed with different mole ratios of dimethyl sulphate to obta...

The cellulolytic activity of rumen contents was assayed by measuring losses in weight and tensile strength of cotton yarn incubated in rumen contents in the presence of dietary additives (barley, tallow) and at different pH values. The addition of barley depressed cellulolysis and the titer of filter paper-degrading bacteria only if the pH was allowed to fall. Lowering the pH from 7.0 to 6.0 by...

The consumption of meat is increasing in India and agriculture is considered as the backbone of a majority of people. Livestock plays a significant role, and poultry and dairy are the major sectors contributing to economic development. The majority of meats consumed in India are fish, bovine, mutton, goat, pig, and poultry. In Indian context, culture, traditions, customs, and taboos influence m...

The Garole is the only known prolific sheep breed in India and is a native of Sunderban, the swampy delta region of West Bengal [1]. Malpura is a popular mutton-type breed of semi-arid tropical region of India. These sheep are known for their hardiness and adaptability to the local environment but prolificacy is low with ewes usually producing single lambs. Increasing prolificacy of the Malpura...

Six hundred samples, 300 each of mutton and beef were collected under aseptic conditions from meat shops of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. They were examined bacteriologically under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at different temperatures for varying periods of time. Different species of bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli (520), Staphylococcus aureus (437), Staphylococcus epiderimis (200), Strept...