We describe a Cat-valued nerve of bicategories, which associates to every bicategory a simplicial object in Cat, called the 2-nerve. This becomes the object part of a 2-functor N : NHom → [∆,Cat], where NHom is a 2-category whose objects are bicategories and whose 1-cells are normal homomorphisms of bicategories. The 2-functor N is fully faithful and has a left biadjoint, and we characterize it...

P2X and P2Y nucleotide receptors are described on sensory neurons and their peripheral and central terminals in dorsal root, nodose, trigeminal, petrosal, retinal and enteric ganglia. Peripheral terminals are activated by ATP released from local cells by mechanical deformation, hypoxia or various local agents in the carotid body, lung, gut, bladder, inner ear, eye, nasal organ, taste buds, skin...

Background: Mucormycosis is a rare, aggressive, and fatal infection caused by fungi of the Mucorales order Zygomycete fungi. mainly found in patients with chronic conditions, clinical cases are observed only immunocompromised uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Rhinocerebral type most prevalent mucormycosis which has characteristic method spread. Although involvement cranial nerves not common, it c...

UNLABELLED Sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of median nerve measured across the carpal tunnel, difference between distal sensory latencies (DSLs) of median and ulnar nerves and difference between distal motor latencies (DMLs) of median and ulnar nerves are commonly used nerve conduction parameters for diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). These are having high degree of sensitivity...

Hedgehog proteins are important in the development of the nervous system. As Desert hedgehog (Dhh) is involved in the development of peripheral nerves and is expressed in adult nerves, it may play a role in the maintenance of adult nerves and degeneration and regeneration after injury. We firstly investigated the Dhh-receptors, which are expressed in mouse adult nerves. The Dhh receptor patched...

Canning, Brendan J. Reflex regulation of airway smooth muscle tone. J Appl Physiol 101: 971–985, 2006. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00313.2006.—Autonomic nerves in most mammalian species mediate both contractions and relaxations of airway smooth muscle. Cholinergic-parasympathetic nerves mediate contractions, whereas adrenergic-sympathetic and/or noncholinergic parasympathetic nerves mediate relaxa...

the proximal to the distal segment. These cells may be formed by the breaking up of the myelon sheath, and it is asserted by some of the exponents of centrifugal regeneration that it is by means of these newly-organized myelon fragments that a chemical attraction is created which enables the new axons to find their way into the partly obliterated distal cord. All this doubt and speculation make...

To determine if acute stress activates pancreatic noradrenergic nerves, pancreatic norepinephrine (NE) output (spillover) was measured in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Central neuroglucopenia, induced by intravenous 2-deoxy-D-glucose (12-DGJ 600 mg/kg + 13.5 mg/kg-' per min') increased pancreatic NE output from a baseline of 380±100 to 1,490±340 pg/min (A = +1,110±290 pg/min, P < 0.01). Surgical...

The accepted model for nerve pulse propagation in biological membranes seems insufficient. It is restricted to dissipative electrical phenomena and considers nerve pulses exclusively as a microscopic phenomenon. A simple thermodynamic model that is based on the macroscopic properties of membranes allows explaining more features of nerve pulse propagation including the phenomenon of anesthesia t...