Background Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease, can cause severe pelvic pain. Studies demonstrated the presence of sensory nerve fibers in endometrium of endometriosis patient. Nevertheless, no information is available on mechanisms of sensory nerve formation in eutopic or ectopic lesions. Since HOX genes have important roles in both reproductive tract and nerve growth, we decided t...

The critical maturation time of central otolith neurons in processing spatial orientations was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. With the use of immuno-hybridization histochemical methods, we observed c-fos expression in vestibular nuclear neurons responding to transverse movement on the horizontal plane as early as P7 and those to antero-posterior stimulation as early as P9. In the inferior oli...

Abstract In Drosophila , direction-selective neurons implement a mechanism of motion computation similar to cortical neurons, using contrast-opponent receptive fields with ON and OFF subfields. It is not clear how the presynaptic circuitry in pathway supports this if all major inputs are OFF-rectified neurons. Here, we reveal biological substrate for pathway. Three interneurons, Tm2, Tm9 CT1, p...

Mapping functional connectivity between neurons is an essential step toward probing the neural computations mediating behavior. Accurately determining synaptic maps in populations of challenging terms yield, accuracy, and experimental time. Here, we developed a compressive sensing approach to reconstruct based on random two-photon cell-targeted optogenetic stimulation membrane voltage readout m...

Background and Objective: Evaluation of degenerative changes of motoneurons and their related synapses can be useful in understanding the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and their potential treatment. The present electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study investigates the axotomy-induced...

Cover Illustration: Automated detection and reconstruction of astrocytic domain (cyan) in 3D volume CA1 that was injected with a viral vector to induce the expression tdTomato (purple) astrocytes, then made transparent by CLARITY. We imaged thousands hippocampal provide quantitative characterization excitatory neurons content, proximity inhibitory neurons. (See Refaeli R., et al, https://doi.or...

The aimof research was to study morphofunctional signs of the sensorimotor "dark neurons" formation in cerebrum sexually mature white rats under normal conditions and 40 minutesafter common carotid arteries (CCA) occlusion. Material methods.Acute ischemia simulated Wistar by a 40-min CCA brain fixed immersion perfusion methods. A comparative morphometric assessment cyto-and gliocytoarchitectoni...

The Cholinergic and GABAergic .bers of the medial septal/diagonal band of Broca (MS/DB) area project to the hippocampus and constitute the septo-hippocampal pathway, which has been proven to play a role in learning and memory. In addition, the hippocampus has bidirectional connections with the septum so that to self-regulate of cholinergic input. The activity of septal and hippocampal neuron...

Local anaxonic neurons with graded potential release are important ingredients of nervous systems, present in the olfactory bulb system mammalians and human visual system, as well arthropods nematodes. We develop a neuronal network model including both axonic monitor activity tuned by following parameters: decay length local neurons, fraction largest eigenvalue adjacency matrix, range connectio...