نتایج جستجو برای: norovirus
تعداد نتایج: 3745 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Background and purpose: Since long time ago herbal products and spices have been used as powders, essential oils (EOs), and extracts. They consist of antimicrobial components and could be applied as natural food preservatives. In the present work, the antiviral effect of cinnamon, rosemary, and zataria EOs has been investigated against norovirus surrogates including feline calicivirus (FCV) and...
The implementation of fast, sensitive and specific diagnostic tools such as those for point-of-care testing (POCT) can assure public health security food safety against foodborne infectious disease outbreaks. Norovirus is the most common pathogen causing outbreaks frequent cause acute gastroenteritis in humans. This frequency highlights importance development application new portable concepts s...
OBJECTIVES Norovirus infections pose great economic and disease burden to health systems around the world. This study quantifies the investments in norovirus research awarded to UK institutions over a 14-year time period. DESIGN A systematic analysis of public and philanthropic infectious disease research investments awarded to UK institutions between 1997 and 2010. PARTICIPANTS None SETT...
Human noroviruses cause more than 90% of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis. However, the role of B cells and antibody in the immune response to noroviruses is unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated that human norovirus specific antibody levels increase upon infection, but they may not be protective against infection. In this report, we used murine norovirus (MNV), an enteric norovirus,...
Enteric viruses including norovirus and rotavirus are leading causes of gastroenteritis in Canada. However, only a small number of clinical cases are actually tested for these pathogens leading to systematic underestimation of attributed hospitalizations in administrative databases. The objective of this analysis was to estimate the number of hospitalizations due to norovirus and rotavirus in C...
Background. Norovirus outbreaks in schools can amplify rapidly through multiple routes of transmission, and have led to campus closures. Ensuring implementation of transmission-prevention measures is challenging in large secondary schools, where exclusion criteria for ill persons may be limited, and sufficient environmental surface disinfection may be difficult to achieve. During a norovirus ou...
Capsid protein of norovirus genogroup II (GII) plays crucial roles in host infection. Although studies on capsid gene evolution have been conducted for a few genotypes of norovirus, the molecular evolution of norovirus GII is not well understood. Here we report the molecular evolution of all GII genotypes, using various bioinformatics techniques. The time-scaled phylogenetic tree showed that th...
Selecting the best quantitative PCR assay is essential to detect human norovirus genome effectively from clinical and environmental samples because no cell lines have been developed to propagate this virus. The real-time PCR methods for noroviruses GI (4 assays) and GII (3 assays) were evaluated using wastewater (n = 70) and norovirus-positive stool (n = 77) samples collected in Japan between 2...
Human noroviruses are the primary cause of severe childhood diarrhea in the United States, and they are of particular clinical importance in pediatric populations in the developing world. A major contributing factor to the general increased severity of infectious diseases in these regions is malnutrition-nutritional status shapes host immune responses and the composition of the host intestinal ...
We sought to determine the source of a norovirus outbreak among attendees of 46 weddings taking place during a single weekend. Norovirus-compatible illness was experienced by 332 (39%) of wedding guests surveyed; the outbreak affected up to 2700 persons. Illness was associated with eating wedding cake provided by a bakery common to the weddings (adjusted RR 4.5, P<0.001). A cake requiring direc...
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