Ig class switch recombination (CSR) is initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mediated deamination of the switch (S) regions; the resultant mismatch is processed to yield the DNA breaks required for recombination. Whereas many of the pathways involved in the mechanism of recombination have been identified, little is known about how CSR is regulated. AID action is known to requ...

Consensus on the evolutionary relationships of humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas has not been reached, despite the existence of a number of DNA sequence data sets relating to the phylogeny, partly because not all gene trees from these data sets agree. However, given the well-known phenomenon of gene tree-species tree mismatch, agreement among gene trees is not expected. A majority of gene trees...

We contrast the spatial mismatch hypothesis with what we term the racial mismatch hypothesis - that the problem is not a lack of jobs, per se, where blacks live, but a lack of jobs where blacks live into which blacks are hired. We first report new evidence on the spatial mismatch hypothesis, using data from Census Long-Form respondents. We construct direct measures of the presence of jobs in de...

The bad locus in the moduli of super Riemann surfaces with Ramond punctures parametrizes those that have more than expected number independent closed holomorphic 1-forms. There is a period map depends on certain discrete choices. For each such choice, blows up along divisor contains locus. Our main result away from locus, at least one these maps remains finite. In other words, we identify as in...

The effect of S-substitution on the O6 guanine site of a 13-mer DNA duplex containing a G:T mismatch is studied using molecular dynamics. The structure, dynamic evolution and hydration of the S-substituted duplex are compared with those of a normal duplex, a duplex with S-substitution on guanine, but no mismatch and a duplex with just a G:T mismatch. The S-substituted mismatch leads to cell dea...

In a context of rapid global change, one the key components for survival species is their genetic evolutionary potential adaptation. Many methods have been developed to identify variants underpinning adaptation climate, but few tools were made available integrate this knowledge into conservation management. We present here SPatial Areas Genotype probability (SPAG), method transpose results geno...