Myoclonus is defined as sudden, brief, shock-like contractions of muscles, and it can be a challenging diagnosis for the clinician to face. The number aetiologies make difficult determine appropriate diagnostic workup each individual patient without ordering broad array studies from start. As with other neurological conditions, comprehensive history physical examination are paramount in generat...

BACKGROUND Myoclonus can occur in association with lithium therapy at toxic and therapeutic dosages, and can be a predominant and disabling adverse effect. Moreover, myoclonus has been reported when lithium has been combined with cyclic antidepressants and with the neuroleptic clozapine. Although clinical case reports exist, no electrophysiologic data are available that provide a source or a ne...

Nonparaneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome is a rare neuroinflammatory condition featured by opsoclonus, myoclonus, ataxia, and cognitive behavioral disturbance. The authors report an observation of enterovirus 71-associated opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome evolving toward full recovery on intravenous intravenous immunoglobulin (IG) treatment. Based on this case report, enterovi...

To contrast stimulus-sensitive generalized myoclonus with ensuing multifocal localized myoclonus in a patient with post-anoxic coma, we stressed the clinical as well as electroencephalographical differences between his initial generalized and subsequent focal myoclonus. While generalized myoclonus was presumably of extracortical origin and responsive to valproic acid, alternating Jacksonian sei...

BACKGROUND Autofluorescence imaging is used widely for diagnostic evaluation of various epithelial malignancies. Cancerous lesions display loss of autofluorescence due to malignant changes in epithelium and subepithelial stroma. Carcinoma of unknown primary site presents with lymph node or distant metastasis, for which the site of primary tumour is not detectable. We describe here the use of au...

OBJECTIVE To determine the contribution of electrophysiologic testing in the diagnosis and anatomical classification of myoclonus. METHODS Participants with a clinical diagnosis of myoclonus were prospectively recruited, each undergoing a videotaped clinical examination and battery of electrophysiologic tests. The diagnosis of myoclonus and its subtype was reviewed after 6 months in the conte...

The presence of reflex myoclonus in response to touching and pin-pricking the wrist or stretching the fingers and to photic stimulation was assessed in 24 patients with a presumed diagnosis of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) and in 30 age matched control subjects. Reflex myoclonus to soma-esthetic stimulation was found in 23 patients and in none of the controls. Photic myoclonus was present...

Background and purpose: Transverse problems in the maxilla (high arched- narrow hard plates) can cause respiratory disorders. Palatal expansion can be helpful in this way. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of bone borne expansion and tooth borne palatal expansion on airway volume. Materials and methods: A review study was performed by search in Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Em...

Objective To investigate the effect of pretreatment with midazolam on myoclonus induced by etomidate injection. Methods A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software, version 5.2. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase® databases for randomized controlled trials involving patients who underwent etomidate induced general anaesthesia with or with...

BACKGROUND Acquired neurogenic stuttering has been considered a fairly uncommon clinical occurrence; speech-activated myoclonus is a rare entity that can mimic stuttering and is caused by a wide array of etiologies. CASE REPORT Here we report a patient with myoclonus-dystonia syndrome (MDS), due to an identified disease-causing mutation, who displayed speech-activated myoclonus mimicking stut...