BACKGROUND AND AIMS Morphological diversity of leaves is usually quantified with geometrical characters, while in many cases a simple set of biophysical parameters are involved in constraining size and shape. One of the main physiological functions of the leaf is transpiration and thus one can expect that leaf hydraulic parameters can be used to predict potential morphologies, although with the...

In performing risk assessments for plant protection products by applicants or regulators in relation to the registration of the products, an important aspect to take into account is the foliar interception and retention of the active substance of the product on the plant. An overview is given of the approaches to this item in several parts of the world. The relevant circumstances and influencin...

When walking to intercept a moving target, people take an interception path that appears to anticipate the target's trajectory. According to the constant bearing strategy, the observer holds the bearing direction of the target constant based on current visual information, consistent with on-line control. Alternatively, the interception path might be based on an internal model of the target's mo...

Abstract Uncertainties in hydrologic model outputs can arise for many reasons such as structural, parametric and input uncertainty. Identification of the sources uncertainties quantification their impacts on results are important to appropriately reproduce hydrodynamic processes karst aquifers support decision-making. The present study investigates time-dependent relevance uncertainties, define...

Evaporation losses of rainfall intercepted by canopies depend on many factors, including the temporal scale observations. At event scale, interception is a few millimetres, whereas at larger number times that canopy filled and then depleted can make an important fraction depth. Recently, simplified interception/evaporation model has been proposed, which considers modified Merrian to compute dur...

A common perception is that cancer risk reduction is passive, such as not smoking. However, advances in the understanding of cancer biology and in cancer treatment modalities suggest that it is now timely to consider anew cancer risk reduction by active, including pharmacologic, approaches. Risk avoidance approaches are certainly important, but other approaches are important as well, as exempli...

In missile guidance system, to reduce the interception “miss distance,” it is important to choose a suitable guidance law and navigation constant. This paper investigates and compares the system behavior of guidance laws under different navigation constants. Based on use of the adjoint technique, miss distance sensitivity analyses which consider the system noise, target step maneuver, initial h...